Histopathological view of benign essential blepharospasm: Orbicularis oculi hormone receptor levels

Objectives: Benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) is a focal dystonia characterized by involuntary contractions of the orbicularis oculi and periocular muscles. We aimed to investigate the effects of muscle receptor levels on the etiopathogenesis of blepharospasm by evaluating the orbicularis oculi estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) levels. Methods: Four blepharospasm patients (2 females and 2 males) who underwent upper lid blepharoplasty and/or orbicularis myomectomy and 4 healthy cases (2 females, 2 males) that had upper lid blepharoplasty were included. The pretarsal, preseptal, and orbital parts of the orbicularis muscles of the patients who underwent orbicularis myomectomy and the waste muscle tissue materials taken from the preseptal orbicularis muscles of the patients who had only upper blepharoplasty were analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining was performed with estrogen alpha and androgen. Results: In healthy men, the orbicularis oculi muscle was stained with ER at a moderate intensity and with AR at a high intensity. In men with blepharospasm, the orbicularis oculi were not stained with ER at all, but at a high intensity with AR. In healthy women, the orbicularis oculi were stained with ER and AR at a high intensity (>50%). In women with blepharospasm, the staining intensities of both receptors were moderate. Conclusion: We determined a decrease in ER and AR in females and almost the absence of ER in males with BEB. This decrease in ER may be associated with a functional abnormality in mitochondria and the decrease in hormonal receptors may be associated with sarcopenia in orbicularis oculi muscle fibers

Low oxygen saturation following total correction in a patient with tetralogy of fallot and persistant left superior caval vein - How did we diagnose and manage?

Association of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with the other intracardiac pathologies such as atrial septal defect (ASD), atrioventricular canal defect or persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC), absent pulmonary valve are well known pathologies. The associated pathologies require specifi c attention during surgical treatment. In this manuscript, we present management of a four-month-old girl who was diagnosed with TOF and PLSVC but the diagnosis of unroofed coronary sinus was missed in her. Association of unroofed coronary sinus with TOF is a very rare variant of TOF pathology.Souvislost mezi Fallotovou tetralogií (tetralogy of Fallot, TOF) a jinými intrakardiálními patologiemi, jako jsou defekt septa síní (atrial septal defect, ASD), defekt síňokomorového kanálu nebo perzistentní levostranná horní dutá žíla (persistent left superior vena cava, PLSVC) i absence plicní chlopně, je dobře známa. Během chirurgického výkonu vyžadují přidružená onemocnění obzvláštní pozornost. V tomto článku popisujeme léčbu čtyřměsíční dívky s diagnózou TOF a PLSVC, u níž však byl přehlédnut nezastřešený koronární sinus. Nezastřešený koronární sinus se vyskytuje současně s TOF velmi vzácně

Bağda yapraktan KNO3KNO_3 uygulamalarının yapraktaki besin element içeriklerine etkisi

The potassium fertilization is most important for a production of good . quality in vineyard. Based on results from the studies carried out so far, it was understood that the potassium fertilization was required at amajor part of vineyard (50%) in Aegean region, especially Alaşehir province and that it was unconsciousnessly treated from foliar. However, the leaf analyses was a most-applicated method for determination of nutritional status of vineyards in addition to soil analyses. Therefore, this study was conducted to find out the effects of foliar potassium nitrate $(KNO_3)$ at different levels on the contents of mineral elements (N,P,K,;Ccedil;a,Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn and Cu) of lamina and petiole leaf at Alaşehir, Manisa, which is of a potential important in the production of Round Seedless cultivar. In experiment which was established with four replications, potassium nitrate $(KNO_3)$ was foliar-applied (0-0.5%-1.0%-1.5%-2.0%) in there times. Generally, the potassium nitrate positively affected on the contents of total N,P and K in the lamina and petiole of leaf when compared to control. The highest contents of N, P and K in lamina and petiole leaf was obtained from KN03 application (%2) at largest level. The contents of Mg in lamina of leaf was negatively influenced by increased K applications. It was determined that potassium nitrate fertilization caused to be significant effects on the contents of other micro elements except the contents of Zn in lamina and of Mn and Cu in petiole of leaf. The significant increase for only content of Cu of lamina was obtained in comparison with control.Bağcılıkta potasyumlu gübreleme kaliteli bir üretim için çok önemlidir. Yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda, Ege Bölgesi özellikle Alaşehir yöresinde bağ alanlarının büyük bir kısmında (%50) potasyumlu gübrelemeye ihtiyaç duyulduğu ve K'lu gübrelemenin bilinçsizce yapraktan yapıldığı belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte son yıllarda yaprak analizleri, toprak analizleri yanında bağların beslenme durumunun saptanmasında en çok uygulanan bir yöntem olmuştur. Bu nedenle bu araştırma, Sultani Çekirdeksiz üzüm üretiminde önemli bir potansiyele sahip olan Manisa-Alaşehir yöresinde yapraktan farklı dozlarda K uygulamalarının yaprak ayası ve yaprak sapının besin elementi içerikleri (N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn ve Cu) üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Denemede dört tekerrürlü olarak $KNO_3$ uygulamaları yapraktan (0-%0.5-%1.0-%1.5-%2.0 ) uygulanmıştır. Genelde potasyum nitrat $(KNO_3)$ uygulamaları kontrole göre yaprak ayası ve yaprak sapındaki N,P ve K kapsamları üzerinde olumlu yönde etkiler yapmıştır. Yaprak ayası ve yaprak sapında en fazla N, P ve K içerikleri en yüksek KNO3 uygulamasından (%2) elde edilmiştir. Yaprak sapının Mg içeriği ise artan K uygulamalarından olumsuz yönde etkilenmiştir. Potasyum nitrat $(KNO_3)$ uygulamalarının yaprak ayasındaki Zn, yaprak sapındaki Mn ve Cu içerikleri dışındaki diğer mikro element içerikleri üzerinde de önemli düzeyde etkiler yaptığı saptanmıştır. Mikro elementler içerisinde sadece yaprak ayasının Cu içeriğinde kontrole göre önemli düzeyde artış sağlanmıştır

Bağda yapraktan demir (Fe) uygulamalarının yaprak besin element içeriklerine etkisi

The Fe deficiency was determined in consequence of studies performed at Alaşehir location which had a large potential for vineyard in Aegean region, hi the experiment which was carried out in the randomized complete block design with five replications, the foliar Fe applications in the form of Fetrilon 13 and at four different levels were performed in three different periods. In general, the Fe applications affected positively the content of nutrient elements in the leaf compared to control. It was observed that the contents of total Fe and also the contents of active Fe of lamina also increased depending on the foliar Fe applications.Ege bölgesinde bağcılığın büyük bir potansiyel oluşturduğu Manisa ilinin Alaşehir yöresinde yapılan incelemeler sonucunda Fe noksanlığı belirlenmiştir. Tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre kurulan denemede Fe uygulamaları Fetrilon-13 şelat formunda yapraktan 4 farklı seviyede 3 farklı dönemde uygulanmıştır. Genelde kontrole göre demir uygulamalarının yaprak aya ve sapının besin elementi içerikleri üzerine olumlu yönde etkiler yaptığı belirlenmiştir. Yapraktan Fe uygulamalarına bağlı olarak yaprağın toplam Fe ve yaprak ayasının aktif Fe içeriklerinin de arttığı saptanmıştır