2 research outputs found
Design and Synthesis of P1–P3 Macrocyclic Tertiary-Alcohol-Comprising HIV‑1 Protease Inhibitors
To
study P1–P3 macrocyclizations of previously reported
tertiary-alcohol-comprising HIV-1 protease inhibitors (PIs), three
new 14- and 15-member macrocyclic PIs were designed, synthesized by
ring-closing metathesis, and evaluated alongside with 10 novel linear
PIs. Cocrystallized complexes of the macrocyclic PIs and the HIV-1
protease are presented, analyzed, and discussed. The macrocyclic structures
exhibited higher activities than the linear precursors with <i>K</i><sub>i</sub> and EC<sub>50</sub> values down to 3.1 nM
and 0.37 μM, respectively
Synthesis, X-ray Analysis, and Biological Evaluation of a New Class of Stereopure Lactam-Based HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors
In an effort to identify a new class of druglike HIV-1
protease
inhibitors, four different stereopure β-hydroxy γ-lactam-containing
inhibitors have been synthesized, biologically evaluated, and cocrystallized.
The impact of the tether length of the central spacer (two or three
carbons) was also investigated. A compound with a shorter tether and
(3<i>R</i>,4<i>S</i>) absolute configuration exhibited
high activity with a <i>K</i><sub>i</sub> of 2.1 nM and
an EC<sub>50</sub> of 0.64 μM. Further optimization by decoration
of the P1′ side chain furnished an even more potent HIV-1 protease
inhibitor (<i>K</i><sub>i</sub> = 0.8 nM, EC<sub>50</sub> = 0.04 μM). According to X-ray analysis, the new class of
inhibitors did not fully succeed in forming two symmetric hydrogen
bonds to the catalytic aspartates. The crystal structures of the complexes
further explain the difference in potency between the shorter inhibitors
(two-carbon spacer) and the longer inhibitors (three-carbon spacer)