The Effects of Assortative Mating on Earnings: Human Capital Spillover or Specialization?

This paper studies how the spouse’s productivity in the labor market affects one’s individual earnings when married. Theoretically, the high productivity of a spouse in a marriage could affect the other spouse’s earnings in two ways: negatively through specialization and division of labor, or positively from human capital spillover. Using longitudinal microdata on individuals as both single and married people allows us to estimate the spouses’ productivity as a single persons and thereby avoid problems of endogeneity between the two spouses’ labor market performances. Productivity is approximated with residuals from estimates of pre-marriage earnings equations. Results indicate that there are negative effects of the spouse’s productivity on individual earnings for both males and females, and that this effect appears to be enhanced by the duration of the marriage. However, closer examination shows that only the youngest groups of males and females experience this negative effect. In addition, there is some evidence for a positive effect of the husband’s productivity on earnings in the case of older groups of females.Marriage; Assortative mating; Earnings; Specialization

The Effects of Assortative Mating on Earnings: Human Capital Spillover or Specialization?

This paper studies how the spouse’s productivity in the labor market affects one’s individual earnings when married. Theoretically, the high productivity of a spouse in a marriage could affect the other spouse’s earnings in two ways: negatively through specialization and division of labor, or positively from human capital spillover. Using longitudinal microdata on individuals as both single and married people allows us to estimate the spouses’ productivity as a single persons and thereby avoid problems of endogeneity between the two spouses’ labor market performances. Productivity is approximated with residuals from estimates of pre-marriage earnings equations. Results indicate that there are negative effects of the spouse’s productivity on individual earnings for both males and females, and that this effect appears to be enhanced by the duration of the marriage. However, closer examination shows that only the youngest groups of males and females experience this negative effect. In addition, there is some evidence for a positive effect of the husband’s productivity on earnings in the case of older groups of females.Marriage; Assortative mating; Earnings; Specialization

The Effects of Spousal Education on Individual Earnings – A Study of Married Swedish Couples

A positive association between spousal education and individual earnings is a common empirical finding (e.g., Benham, 1974 and Rossetti and Tanda, 2000). The two most common explanations for this are sample selection and crossproductivity effects. Can spouses really benefit from each other’s human capital in the labour market, or does the entire association stem from assortative mating? In this study, we control for time-invariant heterogeneity that may be correlated with the spouse’s education level and use a rich data set that includes observations of individuals when they are single and when they are married. The results support the cross-productivity hypothesis for both males and females. Furthermore, couples with education within the same field experience even larger effects.Marriage; Education; Human capital spillover

The Effects of Spousal Education on Individual Earnings – A Study of Married Swedish Couples

A positive association between spousal education and individual earnings is a common empirical finding (e.g., Benham, 1974 and Rossetti and Tanda, 2000). The two most common explanations for this are sample selection and crossproductivity effects. Can spouses really benefit from each other’s human capital in the labour market, or does the entire association stem from assortative mating? In this study, we control for time-invariant heterogeneity that may be correlated with the spouse’s education level and use a rich data set that includes observations of individuals when they are single and when they are married. The results support the cross-productivity hypothesis for both males and females. Furthermore, couples with education within the same field experience even larger effects.Marriage; Education; Human capital spillover

Inventing the Future: Barlow and Beyond

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att kartlägga preventiva omvårdnadsåtgärder för att förhindra ventilator-associerad pneumoni på en thoraxintensivvårdsavdelning. Bakgrund: De vanligaste vårdrelaterade infektionerna på intensivvårdsavdelningar är pneumonier och bland dessa är 80 % ventilatorassocierade. Vårdrelaterade infektioner innebär stora kostnader för samhället och ökat vårdlidande för den drabbade patienten. För att förhindra uppkomsten av ventilator-associerad pneumoni (VAP) finns ett antal omvårdnadsåtgärder som har visat sig vara effektiva vad gäller att motverka VAP. Design: Studien är en journalgranskning med retrospektiv deskriptiv design. Metod: Ett klusterurval gjordes där patienter som vårdats minst två påbörjade dygn i respirator valdes ut. Totalt togs 126 journaler fram varav 17 journaler exkluderades och slutligen ingick totalt 109 journaler i studien. Journalerna granskades med hjälp av ett protokoll där följande omvårdnadsåtgärder kontrollerades: tandborstning, munvård med klorhexidinlösning, antal utförda kufftrycksmätningar, registrerat kufftryck, höjd huvudända, subglottisaspiration, sederingsgrad enligt Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) samt gurgling med klorhexidinlösning. Datan analyserades i statistikprogrammet SPSS. Resultat: Deltagarna delades in i två grupper utifrån ålder (grupp 1 ≤ 69 år, grupp 2 ≥ 70 år). Munvård med klorhexidin var den åtgärd som utfördes flest gånger per dygn med medianvärde fyra i båda åldersgrupperna. Därefter följde kufftrycksmätning med en median på två kontroller per dygn. Medianvärdet för höjd huvudända var ett i båda grupperna. Tandborstning var den åtgärd som utfördes minst antal gånger. Det var inga signifikanta skillnader mellan de olika åldersgrupperna vad gäller utförda omvårdnadsåtgärder. Konklusion och kliniska implikationer: En rimlig bedömning är att kontinuerlig uppdatering beträffande den senaste forskningen hos vårdpersonal samt revidering av PM kommer att ge bättre vårdresultat, kortare vårdtider, mindre kostnader för samhället och mindre vårdlidande. Resultatet pekar på behov av antingen bättre följsamhet till befintliga rekommendationer, eller noggrannare och tydligare dokumentation av utförda åtgärder

Sex and Migration: Who is the Tied Mover?

We study the effects of interregional migration on two-earner household gross earnings as well as on the relative income between married and cohabiting couples. In particular, we examine the link between education level and income gains. The empirical analysis is based on longitudinal data from Sweden as well as on functional regional labour markets that operate as regional entities. Using difference-in-differences propensity score matching, we find that migration increases total gross household earnings and has no significant impact on the male/female earnings gap. We find that pre-migration education level is a key determinant of migration and economic outcomes and is also a determinant of the effect of migration on income distribution within the household. The positive average effect on household earnings is largely explained by income gains among highly-educated males. Females generally experience no significant income gain from migration in absolute terms. Females gain significantly in relative income only if they are highly educated and married or cohabitating with a lower-educated male.Regional migration; labor mobility; two earner households

Interplay Between Transmission Delay, Average Data Rate, and Performance in Output Feedback Control over Digital Communication Channels

The performance of a noisy linear time-invariant (LTI) plant, controlled over a noiseless digital channel with transmission delay, is investigated in this paper. The rate-limited channel connects the single measurement output of the plant to its single control input through a causal, but otherwise arbitrary, coder-controller pair. An infomation-theoretic approach is utilized to analyze the minimal average data rate required to attain the quadratic performance when the channel imposes a known constant delay on the transmitted data. This infimum average data rate is shown to be lower bounded by minimizing the directed information rate across a set of LTI filters and an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. It is demonstrated that the presence of time delay in the channel increases the data rate needed to achieve a certain level of performance. The applicability of the results is verified through a numerical example. In particular, we show by simulations that when the optimal filters are used but the AWGN channel (used in the lower bound) is replaced by a simple scalar uniform quantizer, the resulting operational data rates are at most around 0.3 bits above the lower bounds.Comment: A less-detailed version of this paper has been accepted for publication in the proceedings of ACC 201

Sex and Migration: Who is the Tied Mover?

We study the effects of interregional migration on two-earner household gross earnings as well as on the relative income between married and cohabiting couples. In particular, we examine the link between education level and income gains. The empirical analysis is based on longitudinal data from Sweden as well as on functional regional labour markets that operate as regional entities. Using difference-in-differences propensity score matching, we find that migration increases total gross household earnings and has no significant impact on the male/female earnings gap. We find that pre-migration education level is a key determinant of migration and economic outcomes and is also a determinant of the effect of migration on income distribution within the household. The positive average effect on household earnings is largely explained by income gains among highly-educated males. Females generally experience no significant income gain from migration in absolute terms. Females gain significantly in relative income only if they are highly educated and married or cohabitating with a lower-educated male.Regional migration; labor mobility; two earner households

On the almost sure central limit theorem for ARX processes in adaptive tracking

The goal of this paper is to highlight the almost sure central limit theorem for martingales to the control community and to show the usefulness of this result for the system identification of controllable ARX(p,q) process in adaptive tracking. We also provide strongly consistent estimators of the even moments of the driven noise of a controllable ARX(p,q) process as well as quadratic strong laws for the average costs and estimation errors sequences. Our theoretical results are illustrated by numerical experiments