29 research outputs found

    Phase-Selective Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Iron(III) Aminoterephthalate MOFs

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    Iron(III) aminoterephthalate Metal-Organic Frameworks (Fe-BDC-NH2 MOFs) have been demonstrated to show potential for relevant industrial and societal applications (i.e., catalysis, drug delivery, gas sorption). Nevertheless, further analysis is required in order to achieve their commercial production. In this work, a systematic synthetic strategy has been followed, carrying out microwave (MW) assisted hydro/solvothermal reactions to rapidly evaluate the influence of different reaction parameters (e.g., time, temperature, concentration, reaction media) on the formation of the benchmarked MIL-101-NH2, MIL-88B-NH2, MIL-53-NH2 and MIL-68-NH2 solids. Characterization of the obtained solids by powder X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy allowed us to identify trends to the contribution of the evaluated parameters, such as the relevance of the concentration of precursors and the impact of the reaction medium on phase crystallization. Furthermore, we presented here for the first time the MW assisted synthesis of MIL-53-NH2 in water. In addition, pure MIL-101-NH2 was also produced in water while MIL-88-NH2 was the predominant phase obtained in ethanol. Pure phases were produced with high space-time yields, unveiling the potential of MW synthesis for MOF industrialization

    Structural, Interfacial, and Electrochemical Stability of La0.3Ca0.7Fe0.7Cr0.3O3-δ Electrode Material for Application as the Oxygen Electrode in Reversible Solid Oxide Cells

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    A detailed study aimed at understanding the structural, interfacial, and electrochemical performance stability of La0.3Ca0.7Fe0.7Cr0.3O3-δ (LCFCr) electrode material for application as the oxygen electrode in reversible solid oxide cells (RSOCs) is presented. Specifically, emphasis is placed on the stability of the LCFCr oxygen electrode during oxygen evolution (electrolysis mode), whereby many known electrode materials are known to fail due to delamination. The porous microstructure of the electrode was characterized by nanoscale X-ray microscopy (XRM) to reveal the percentage porosity, pore connectivity, average pore size, and electrochemical surface area, etc. Under polarization in a two-electrode symmetrical-cell configuration, while the working electrode was under anodic polarization, a very stable performance was observed at a cell potential of 0.2 V, although increasing the cell potential to 0.65 V caused significant performance degradation. This degradation was reversible when the cell was run at open circuit for 10 h. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and wavelength dispersive spectroscopy revealed that the working electrode (LCFCr)/electrolyte (GDC) interface was structurally and chemically stable after hundreds of hours under polarization with no interdiffusion of the various species observed across the interface, hence rendering LCFCr a viable alternative for the oxygen electrode in RSOCs.Depto. de Química InorgánicaFac. de Ciencias QuímicasTRUEMitacsMinisterio de Ciencia e InnovaciónMCIN/AEIpu

    Piezoelectric Ceramics of the (1 − x)Bi0.50Na0.50TiO3–xBa0.90Ca0.10TiO3 Lead-Free Solid Solution: Chemical Shift of the Morphotropic Phase Boundary, a Case Study for x = 0.06

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    Research and development of lead-free piezoelectric materials are still the hottest topics in the field of piezoelectricity. One of the most promising lead-free family of compounds to replace lead zirconate–titanate for actuators is that of Bi0.50Na0.50TiO3 (BNT) based solid solutions. The pseudo-binary (1 − x)Bi0.50Na0.50TiO3–xBa1 − yCayTiO3 system has been proposed for high temperature capacitors and not yet fully explored as piezoelectric material. In this work, the solid solution with x = 0.06 and y = 0.10 was obtained by two different synthesis routes: solid state and Pechini, aiming at using reduced temperatures, both in synthesis (<800 °C) and sintering (<1150 °C), while maintaining appropriated piezoelectric performance. Crystal structure, ceramic grain size, and morphology depend on the synthesis route and were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, together with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The effects of processing and ceramic microstructure on the structural, dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties were discussed in terms of a shift of the Morphotropic Phase Boundary, chemically induced by the synthesis route

    Modelos de redes cristalográficas

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    En este trabajo se aborda el diseño y la construcción de modelos de las cinco redes planas (oblicua, rectangular, rómbica, cuadrada y hexagonal) sobre los que se pueden situar sus elementos de simetría (ejes de rotación, planos de simetría y planos de deslizamiento). Estos modelos son desmontables, de tal modo que los profesores y estudiantes pueden construir paso a paso cada una de las cinco redes planas y localizar sus elementos de simetría. Estas redes, una vez montadas, pueden apilarse en la dirección vertical para construir las catorce Redes de Bravais

    Femtosecond double-pulse laser ablation and deposition of Co-doped ZnS thin films

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    Nanostructured thin films of Co-doped zinc sulfide were synthesized through femtosecond pulsed laser deposition. The scheme involved ablation of physically mixed Co and ZnS with pairs of ultrashort pulses separated in time in the 0-300 ps range. In situ monitorization of the deposition process was carried out through a simultaneous reflectivity measurement. The crystallinity of generated nanoparticles and the inclusion of Co in the ZnS lattice is demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (TEM-EDX) characterization. Surface morphology, Raman response, and photoluminescence of the films have also been assessed. The role of interpulse temporal separation is most visible in the thickness of the films obtained at the same total fluence, with much thicker films deposited with short delays than with individual uncoupled pulses. The proportion of Co in the synthesized doped ZnS nanoparticles is found to be substantially lower than the original proportion, and practically independent on interpulse delay

    Cristales, cristalización y difracción: Nuevo material audiovisual para la enseñanza de la cristalografía

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    El objetivo de este proyecto es la creación de nuevo material didáctico para la enseñanza de la cristalografía. En concreto, se presentan videoclips divulgativos sobre la forma y estructura de los cristales, los procesos básicos de cristalización y sobre la difracción de las ondas por los cristales. Estos videoclips están dirigidos tanto a estudiantes de ciencias como al público general y su intención es presentar de manera clara y visualmente atractiva una serie de conceptos físicos y cristalográficos que han resultado tradicionalmente difíciles de transmitir mediante clases teóricas. Además, los videoclips van acompañados de textos explicativos con el fin de que sirvan como material de estudio

    Fases de sillén-aurivillius oxihaluros de bismuto y metales de transición (W,Ti,Mn,Fe,Cu)

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    El objetivo de esta Tesis, ha sido la determinación estructural y el estudio de la micro y nanoestructura de nuevos oxihaluros metálicos complejos. Mediante XEDS, hemos determinado la composición catiónica y en los compuestos con Cl, la espectroscopia EELS nos ha permitido verificar su presencia. Asimismo, en los que contienen algún catión magnético (Mn+3, Fe+3, Cu+2) las medidas de susceptibilidad, permiten confirmar su estado de oxidación. El empleo de la microdifracción y CBED ha sido necesario para determinar el grupo espacial y la celda unidad. A continuación se ha aplicado la reconstrucción de series focales con objeto de obtener imágenes de los oxígenos y de esta manera poder obtener un modelo estructural ideal que se emplea como modelo inicial en el refinamiento Rietveld mediante difraccion de rayos-X de polvo.La microscopía electrónica de alta resolución (HREM) muestra que las nuevas fases preparadas presentan una microestructura con ciertas particularidades en función del elemento de transición y del halógeno. Así, mientras que las fases Bi4Ti1/2W1/2O8Cl Bi4Mn1/3W2/3O8Cl presentan una estructura ordenada, las fases Bi4Cu1/3W2/3O8-dCl y Bi4Fe1/3W2/3O8Cl muestran un comportamiento común con dominios en los que se produce ordenamiento catiónico. La fase Bi4Cu1/3W2/3O8-dCl, es interesante ya que sus defectos extensos se acomodan mediante la formación de una nueva familia de intercrecimientos: (Bi2O2Cl)(Bi2W2n/(2n+1)Cu1/(2n+1)O6-d)n. En la fase Bi4Ti1/2W1/2O8Br, el halógeno se acomoda mediante distorsión de la capa de octaedros originando el doblaje del eje de apilamiento y dando lugar a una variación de simetría. Sin embargo, en el compuesto Bi4Fe1/3W2/3O8Br el anión Br- se aloja en la estructura sin distorsionarla.Esta última muestra calentada a 1200C nos ha permitido identificar cristales con defectos que se acomodan formando la familia de intercrecimientos (Bi2O2Br)(Bi2W2n/(2n+1)Fe 1/(2n+1)O6)n.Asimismo, se ha identificado una nueva fase modulada que puede describirse a partir de HREM como una modulación composicional con una importante componente desplazativa
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