Lipoproteína (a) e fatores de risco cardiovascular em crianças e adolescentes

Objetivos: Investigar a relação dos níveis séricos de lipoproteína (a) [Lp(a)] com os fatores de risco cardiovascular, em crianças e adolescentes com sobrepeso ou obesidade. Material e Métodos: Artigo 1 - Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática, sendo rastreados estudos de 2001 a 2011, nas bases de dados Science Direct, PubMed/Medline, LILACS e Biblioteca Cochrane. Artigo 2 - Foi realizado um estudo transversal, de julho de 2011 a maio de 2012, com 165 crianças e adolescentes com sobrepeso ou obesidade, atendidos no Centro de Obesidade Infantil (COI), no município de Campina Grande-PB. A associação e comparação entre a Lp(a) e as variáveis do estudo foi realizada por meio do teste de qui-quadrado e análise de variância. A análise estatística foi realizada no SPSS versão 17.0, considerando um intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: Na revisão foi observada correlação positiva entre: Lp(a) e colesterol LDL, colesterol total e apolipoproteína B. No segundo artigo, a Lp(a) esteve alterada em 40,0% dos pacientes, sendo o seu valor médio na amostra de 29,7 (± 28,1) mg/dL, estando associada a insulina (p=0,026) e ao colesterol HDL baixo (p=0,049). A média da Lp(a), em relação aos fatores de risco analisados, esteve maior nas crianças. Conclusão: A Lp(a) esteve associada a alguns fatores de risco cardiovascular, destacando-se a importância da análise dos seus níveis séricos na população em quepstão, a fim de contribuir para a prevenção das doenças cardiovasculares, bem como com a saúde pública ao reduzir gastos desnecessários do governo nesse segmento.Objective: Investigate the relation between serum levels of lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)] with cardiovascular risk factors in overweight or obese children and adolescents. Material and Methods: Article 1 - A systematic review was performed, researching studies from 2001 to 2011 in the databases Science Direct, PubMed / Medline, LILACS and Cochrane Library. Article 2 - Was directed a cross-sectional study from July 2011 to May 2012, with 165 overweight or obese children and adolescents, attended at the Childhood Obesity Center in Campina Grande-PB. The association and comparison between Lp (a) and the study variables was performed using the chi-square test and analysis of variance. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 17.0, considering a confidence interval of 95%. Results: In the review was observed a positive correlation between: Lp (a) and LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B. In the second article, Lp (a) was altered in 40.0% of patients and its mean in the sample was 29.7 (± 28.1) mg / dL, and being associated with insulin (p = 0.026) and low HDL cholesterol (p = 0.049). The Lp (a) mean in relation to the risk factors analyzed was higher in children. Conclusion: The Lp (a) was associated with some cardiovascular risk factors, emphasizing the importance of analyze this serum levels in this population in order to contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular disease, as well as public health by reducing unnecessary government spending in this segment

Homocysteine: cardiovascular risk factor in children and adolescents?

The aim of this study was to identify publications in literature that investigated Homocysteine (He) as a risk factor for CVD among children and adolescents. An active search for information in LILACS, IBECS, Science Direct, Medline and Cochrane Library databases was conducted using the following combination of keywords "homocysteine", "cardiovascular diseases", "child" and "adolescent". Fifteen articles were analyzed showing direct relationship with increasing age (8 studies) and male gender (10 studies), and an inverse relationship with serum vitamins B6, B12 and folate levels. Thus, the results suggest that more research must be carried through in order to determine in a more coherent way the causes of the hiperhomocisteinemia in the pediatric population, guiding for an adequate diet, rich in nutrients necessary to favor the metabolism of the He

Lipoprotein (a) and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents

OBJECTIVE: To review the relationship between lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: This systematic review included studies from 2001 to 2011, a ten-year time period. Epidemiological studies with children and/or adolescents published in English, Portuguese or Spanish and fully available online were included. The searches were performed in Science Direct, PubMed/Medline, BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) and Cochrane Library databases, using the following combination of key-words: "lipoprotein a" and "cardiovascular diseases" and "obesity". DATA SYNTHESIS: Overall, 672 studies were obtained but only seven were included. Some studies assessed the family history for CVD. In all of them, Lp(a) levels were increased in patients with family history for CVD. There was also a positive correlation between Lp(a) and LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels, suggesting an association between Lp(a) levels and the lipid profile. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence that CVD may originate in childhood and adolescence leads to the need for investigating the risk factors during this period in order to propose earlier and possibly more effective interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality rates