Green bond finance in Europe and the stock market reaction

This paper examines the increasing importance of green, social and sustainable bonds in the financial markets. We first detail the theoretical framework, introducing sustainable development and green finance; relating green bonds to both ecological economics literature, and the central banks perspective; and, finally, analyzing the green bonds efficiency as a financial resource. Afterwards, we estimate the effect of green bond issues on the companies share’s price. So we collect the companies share’ prices around the announcement of the issue. Then we build an event time window with different time ranges before and after the announcement with the accumulated returns in order to be able to observe the reaction in the market in different stages. We demonstrate that the announcement of a green bond has a positive reaction in the market by increasing the return on shares of green bond issuin

Desarrollo de un sistema de estabilidad lateral basado en la lógica borrosa en CarSim

En este trabajo se pone a prueba un modelo de controlador de estabilidad basado en la lógica difusa que utilizará la dirección y el distribuidor de fuerzas de frenada de las ruedas delanteras para mejorar el control del vehículo. Este controlador ha sido desarrollado con los programas Simulink y Matlab y puesto a prueba con un modelo matemático de 9 grados de libertad. En este proyecto se combina el modelo de control desarrollado anteriormente con un modelo matemático más completo de 15 grados de libertad desarrollado por el programa CarSim. Para llevar a cabo esta evaluación se ha de conocer el funcionamiento del modelo de control, la utilización del simulador CarSim y poder combinar ambos programas para obtener los resultados. Además se intentará crear un nuevo controlador de estabilidad más eficaz que el inicial. Para verificar el comportamiento de ambos controladores se realizan múltiples pruebas recreando situaciones críticas reales. Las pruebas con las que se dictará la eficacia del sistema de control serán en un doble cambio de línea, en curvas y un J-turn. Se finalizará este proyecto realizando las oportunas recomendaciones en cuanto a las medidas a llevar a cabo para mejorar el sistema de control de estabilidad.Ingeniería Técnica en Mecánic

Attack on salticidae: new records of mantispids (neuroptera: mantispids) in neotropical jumping spiders (araneae: salticidae)

Jumping spiders present natural enemies like insectsof the subfamily Mantispinae. We report for the first timefor Uruguay the salticids Neonella minuta, Tullgrenellaserrana and the presence of Mantispinae larvae in thisspecies and in Sarinda sp. In T. serrana we record thedevelopment of the parasitoid Dicromantispa gracilis

Spider Fauna (Araneae: Araneomorphae) in Natural Grasslands of Uruguay with Different Livestock Management

In Uruguay natural grasslands sustain cattle ranching and are the country’s main renewable resource. This ecosystem not only serves a productive function, but also functions in geophysical processes of soils and sustaining the nation’s biodiversity through complex trophic webs (Berretta 2009). Increased pressure from human activities that exploit natural resources makes it necessary to possess tools for detecting disturbances in ecosystems and assessing their conservation status. Identifying indicator taxa is essential for evaluating the degree of impact on natural grasslands and for applying this in the development of management plans for this habitat type (Avalos et al. 2007; Cardoso et al. 2004). Terrestrial arthropods are convenient biological indicators due to their sensitivity and fast response to changes in their environment. Additionally, they can be studied through cheap and simple surveys (Gardner et al. 2008). The order Araneae is the seventh most diverse group in the animal kingdom (Coddington and Levi 1991). Spiders are the most abundant generalist predatory arthropods in most terrestrial ecosystems; they regulate herbivore populations and occupy a key position in food webs (Lawrence and Wise 2000, Ferris et al. 2000). They are involved in important biological processes in most habitats (Ziesche and Roth 2008; Van Hook 1971). In addition to the fact that this group is poorly known in Uruguayan grasslands, this study tries to gain knowledge and compare the structure and composition of the spider fauna of natural grassland in two nearby areas under different cattle management

Bird and Mammal Fauna Assemblages in Well-Preserved Natural Grasslands of Uruguay with Different Livestock Management

The aim of this study is to assess the composition of mammalian and avian communities in sites under two different cattle management plans: one where sheep are present along bovine cattle and another where pastures are grazed solely by bovines

Catching particles by atomic spectrometry: Benefits and limitations of single particle - inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) has led ICP-MS into a new dimension, turning an ensemble technique for elemental and isotope ratio analysis into a particle counting technique and well beyond. SP-ICP-MS allows the detection of particles, their size characterization and the quantification of their number and mass concentrations, as well as the dissolved forms of the target element(s). Although the technique is mostly applied to metal- and metalloid-based nanoparticles, its application to microparticles and carbon-based particles are emerging. After twenty years since the first publications and more than ten years of ongoing development, SP-ICP-MS has reached a high degree of maturity, with an increasing number of applications in a wide range of fields. Despite this trend, there are aspects related to the fundamentals of the technique that still require further studies. This review is organized around the fundamentals of the technique along with the different steps and processes involved, from the sample introduction to the signal processing, offering an updated view of these topics, focusing on the benefits and current limitations of the technique, as well as its future perspectives

An ICP-MS-based platform for release studies on silver-based nanomaterials

Engineered nanoparticles are being incorporated into different products and nanocomposites. The release of these nanoparticles, as well as other derived species, can subsequently lead to consumer and environmental exposure, being a relevant factor for risk assessment. The need for analytical methods for the detection, characterization and quantitation of these released species under relevant conditions becomes evident. In this work, a platform of methods based on the use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is proposed to obtain information about the release of silver from silver based nanocoatings and nanocomposites. The sensitivity and element specific response of conventional ICP-MS is complemented by the use of the technique in single particle mode and in combination with ultrafiltration and asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation. By using these three methods, information about the release of both dissolved and particulate forms of silver, as well as the size of the nanoparticles, can be obtained under a variety of scenarios at concentrations down to 0.1 µg L-1 and a nanoparticle diameter of 5 nm. The feasibility of the platform was checked through a number of paradigmatic cases

The spider Losdolobus nelsoni Pompozzi, 2015 - the first report of the family Orsolobidae in Uruguay (Araneae: Synspermiata)

The family Orsolobidae Cooke, 1965, is newly recorded for Uruguay, with the first record of Losdolobus nelson Pompozzi, 2015, a recently described species that is endemic to the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, and herein recorded in the Rocha and Montevideo departments. The biogeographic implications of this record are commented on and some data on the phenology of the species are presented

Araneae, Deinopidae, Deinopis amica Schiapelli and Gerschman, 1957 : first record for Uruguay and distribution map

This is the first record for the species Deinopis amica and for the family Deinopidae in Uruguay. The present study expands the known distribution of the species to the lower Uruguay River. Data on natural history of the species is provided