Regulated Deficit Irrigation and Onion (Allium cepa L.) Yield Response on Water Productivity

Irrigation is the only solution to improve crop production and productivity thereby contributing towards food security, self-sufficiency and export market. The efficient use of water by irrigation system is becoming increasingly important in arid and semi-arid regions with limited water resources. The Experiment was conducted in Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center with the Regulated Deficit Irrigation and Onion (Allium cepa L.) Yield Response on Water Productivity in Ethiopia during 2017/2018 cropping season. The objective of the experiment was identify the pin point of water stress threshold value of onion under deficit irrigation and  investigate the effect of alternate, fixed and conventional furrow irrigation methods on  crop yield and water productivity under deficit irrigation. The experimental treatments had three furrow irrigation methods, (alternate furrow irrigation (AFI), fixed furrow irrigation (FFI) and conventional furrow irrigation (CFI)) and two deficit irrigation levels of application, viz., 85 % ETc, and70 % ETc and a control irrigation of 100%ETc. The design of the experimental plot was split plot in RCBD arrangement and replicated three times. The three furrow irrigation methods were arranged as main plots and the deficit levels as sub plots a total of nine (9) treatment combinations. All collected data, were statistically analyzed using SAS 9.1 statistical software. The experimental study result showed that bulb diameter, unmarketable bulb yield and total bulb yield of onion were highly significance difference (p<0.001) both in furrow irrigation methods and irrigation levels. Likewise diameter of onion also gave highest on CFI and 100%ETc irrigation water application level which is 6.69cm and 6.94cm respectively. According to the results obtained, the highest total yield was recorded for the treatment of 100%ETc irrigation water application and AFI of the furrow irrigation method 38947kgha-1 and 35920kgha-1 respectively however, the lowest total bulb yield of 30253kg ha-1 and 29135kg ha-1 were recorded when FFI system was applied and in 70%ETc of water applied. Bulb height of onion was highly significance difference (p<0.001) only on deficit irrigation levels. On the other hand, marketable bulb yield, irrigation water use efficiency and crop water use efficiency were significance difference (P ≤ 0.05) by the interaction of furrow irrigation methods and deficit irrigation levels. The highest average marketable bulb yield of onion was obtained 42219kgha-1 on CFI with the combination of 100%ETc irrigation level in addition to this IWUE and CWUE both are recorded highest result on 70%ETc and AFI furrow irrigation method. Generally, among all irrigation treatments 70%ETc deficit irrigation level applied under AFI method was efficient in conserving significant irrigation water. Therefore, it could be concluded that, AFI can save a substantial amount of water and labor without highly reduction of onion yield and the lowest  CWUE and  IWUE was gave FFI followed by CFI. Keywords: Alternate furrow irrigation, Conventional furrow irrigation, Deficit irrigation, fixed furrow irrigation, Onion DOI: 10.7176/JRDM/71-02 Publication date: November 30th 2020

Effect of Furrow Irrigation Methods and Drip Irrigation System on Yield and Yield Components of Different Crops

This paper was focused on reviewing of different documents and research findings from studies conducted on furrow irrigation methods and drip irrigation methods on different crop types. The reviewing coverage of the research findings conducted on comparison of furrow irrigation and drip irrigation was between 2012 and 2021. Approaches followed on reviewing the papers on different furrow irrigation system type and drip irrigation methods were through reviewing journals from websites and research output reports. On this paper review, achievements of comparison of furrow irrigation and drip irrigation under diverse agro-ecologies are highlighted based on the current knowledge from available sources. Based on different findings the use of drip irrigation method was best option for both crop yield increment and water use efficiency .So in current research findings in order to use drip irrigation for crop production purpose was best practice method due to year to year climate change and drought occurrences key solutions to avoid crop yield collapse and failure. But in order to use drip irrigation system the cost drip materials and awareness of farms are the key problem of different findings are indicated. Keywords: drip, furrow irrigation, crop DOI: 10.7176/JRDM/88-02 Publication date:October 31st 202

Response of Wheat on Seed Rate and Irrigation Levels

This paper was prepared by reviewing documents and research findings from studies conducted focusing on interaction effect of seed rate and irrigation level on wheat crops. The temporal and spatial coverage of the research findings was between 2009 and 2016. Approaches followed on the response of crops to irrigation level and seed rates were through reviewing journals from websites and research output reports. In this review, achievements of different seed rates for different irrigation levels on crops under diverse agro-ecologies are highlighted based on the current knowledge from available sources. Research findings revealed that interactive effect of seed rates and amount of irrigation water had significantly improved yield of crops. Therefore, based on the current findings, application of seed rate increased for irrigated crops the yield also increased and be combined with the required amount of irrigation water and seed rate. Keywords: seed rate, Wheat, irrigation level DOI: 10.7176/JRDM/72-02 Publication date: January 31st 202

Crop Response to Different Mulch Type and Furrow Irrigation Methods in Major Irrigated Areas of Ethiopia: A Review

The paper was focused on reviewing of different documents and research findings from studies conducted on interaction effect of different mulch type and furrow irrigation methods on different crop types on major irrigated area of the country. The coverage of the research findings conducted on mulch type and furrow irrigation method was between 2010 and 2021. Approaches followed on reviewing the papers on different mulch type and furrow irrigation methods were through reviewing journals from websites and research output reports. On this paper review, achievements of different mulch type for different furrow irrigation under diverse agro-ecologies are highlighted based on the current knowledge from available sources. Based on different findings the use of plastic mulch type was best option for both crop yield increment and soil moisture conservation .So in current research findings in order to use mulch for crop production purpose was best practice method due to year to year climate change and drought occurrences key solutions to avoid crop yield collapse and failure. Keywords: mulch, furrow irrigation, crop DOI: 10.7176/JRDM/80-01 Publication date: November 30th 202

Effect of Furrow Method and Mulch on Bulb Yield and Water Productivity of Irrigated Onion under Central Highland Vertisol of Ethiopia

አህፅሮት ይህ የምርምር ሥራ በመስኖ በሚመረት ሽንኩርት ላይ በጣም ውጤታማ የውኃ ቆጣቢ ቴክኖሎጂዎችን ለመምረጥ እና የውኃ ምርታማነትን ለማሻሻል በደብረ ዘይት የግብርና ምርምር ማዕከል የተካሄደ ነው፡፡ ሙከራው የተካሄደው በሶስት የቦይ መስኖ ውኃ አሰጣጥ ዘዴዎች እና በሶስት አፈር የመሸፈን ዘዴዎች በተከፋፈለ መደብ ውስጥ ነው፡፡ ከጥናቱ ውጤት እንደተገኘው የተለያዩ የቦይ መስኖ ዘዴዎች በሽንኩርት ምርትና ውኃ አጠቃቀም ላይ ከፍተኛ ተፅዕኖ አሳድሯል፡፡ በተጨማሪም፣ የሽንኩርት ዕድገት፣ የምርት እና ምርታማነትን ከማሻሻል አንፃር የተለያዩ የትነት መከላከያ ልባስ ዘዴዎች መካከል የታየው ተፅዕኖ  ከፍተኛ እንዳልሆነ ውጤቱ አሳይቷል፡፡ ይሁንና በጣም ከፍተኛ የሆነ የሽንኩርት ምርት (39.5 ቶን በሄክታር) በተለመደው መደበኛ የመስኖ ዘዴ የተመዘገበ ሲሆን ተለዋጭ የቦይ መስኖ ውኃ አሰጣጥ (34.3 ቶን በሄክታር) ምርት በማስገኘት በሁለተኛነት ተመዝግቧል፡፡ ሆኖም ከፍተኛ የውኃ አጠቃቀም ውጤታማነት (9.7 ኪ.ግ/ኩዩቢክ ሜትር) የተገኘው በተለዋጭው የመስኖ ዘዴ ምክንያት ሲሆን ይህም ከተለመደው የመስኖ ውኃ አሰጣጥ የውኃ ፍጆታ (5.7 ኪግ/ኩዩቢክ ሜትር) ጋር ሲነፃፀር በጣም ከፍተኛ ነው፡፡ ስለሆነም የሽንኩርት ምርት እና የውኃ ምርታማነት ከተለምዶ የመስኖ ውኃ አሰጣጥ ዘዴ ከ18 እስከ 22 በመቶ ጭማሪ አሳይቷል፡፡ ተለዋጭ የቦይ መስኖ ውኃ አሰጣጥ ዘዴ ደግሞ ከተለመደው እስከ 42 በመቶ የውሃ አጠቃቀምን ምርታማነትን አሳይቷል፡፡ ስለዚህ የመስኖ ውሃ እጥረት ባለባቸው አከባቢዎች ተለዋጭ የቦይ መስኖ ውኃ አሰጣጥ ዘዴ የአፈርን በፕላስቲክ የመሸፈን ዘዴን በማቀናጀት በተለያየ ምክንያት የሚባክነውን የመስኖ ውኃ በከፍተኛ ሁኔታ መቀነስ እንደሚቻል የተገኘው ውጤት ያሳያል፡፡   Abstract The aim of this study was to select the most effective water-saving techniques and improve the water use efficiency of irrigated onions under limited agricultural water availability. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with three types of furrow irrigation methods and mulch types in three replications. The result revealed that different types of furrow method and mulch type are significantly affected (p<0.01) marketable yield of onion. It has been observed that the significantly highest marketable yield (39.5 t/ha) of onion was recorded due to CFI and followed by AFI method (34.3 t/ha). However, the highest WUE (9.7 kg/m3) was obtained due to AFI method when compared with the CFI method of 5.7 kg/m3. Hence, there was 18 to 22% increment of marketable yield and WUE of the onion by applying mulching over the non-mulching condition and also 42% improvement of WUE by using AFI over the conventional furrow method. Therefore, for maximizing the marketable yield of onion under limiting irrigation water resources, irrigation of onion could be done with AFI method with plastic mulch application to minimize evaporation loss and maximize water productivity of onion for similar agro-ecology and soil type

Determination of Optimal Balanced Fertilizer Rate and Irrigation Scheduling for Onion Under Vertisol Soil Type

Onion is one of vegetable crops grown under irrigation. In order to improve crop production and productivity irrigation is the only solution for contributing towards food security, self-sufficiency and export market.. The Experiment was conducted in Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center with determination of optimal balanced fertilizer rate and irrigation scheduling for Onion under Vertisol soil type to determine the optimum rate of balanced fertilizers and irrigation intervals and identify the interactive effect of nutrient and moisture levels on yield and yield quality of onion.The experimental treatments had three irrigation intervals, viz., 80%MAD, 100%MAD and 120%MAD and three Fertilizer rates of application, viz., 100kgha-1NPSB, 150kgha-1NPSB and 200kgha-1, and a control fertilizer rate of 100kgha-1 urea. The design of the experimental plot was split plot in RCBD arrangement. The experimental study result showed that Crop Growth and Physiology Parameters, Yield Parameters and Water productivity had no significance difference under blended fertilizer rate application. But in irrigation intervals plant height, marketable yield and total bulb yield of onion was significantly affected. The highest total bulb yield of onion was recorded on the control irrigation (100% MAD) of the interval. Keywords: Blended fertilizer, Onion, Manageable Allowable Depletion (MAD), Irrigation Scheduling. DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/14-4-02 Publication date: February 28th 202