Flexible IZO/Ag/IZO/Ag multilayer electrode grown on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate using roll-to-roll sputtering

We investigated the optical, electrical, structural, and surface properties of roll-to-roll [R2R] sputter-grown flexible IZO/Ag/IZO/Ag [IAIA] multilayer films on polyethylene terephthalate substrates as a function of the top indium zinc oxide [IZO] thickness. It was found that the optical transmittance of the IAIA multilayer was significantly influenced by the top IZO layer thickness, which was grown on identical AIA multilayers. However, the sheet resistance of the IAIA multilayer was maintained between the range 5.01 to 5.1 Ω/square regardless of the top IZO thickness because the sheet resistance of the IAIA multilayer was mainly dependent on the thickness of the Ag layers. Notably, the optimized IAIA multilayer had a constant resistance change (ΔR/R0) under repeated outer bending tests with a radius of 10 mm. The mechanical integrity of the R2R-sputtered IAIA multilayer indicated that hybridization of an IZO and Ag metal layer is a promising flexible electrode scheme for the next-generation flexible optoelectronics

Quantization Of Spin Direction For Solitary Waves In A Uniform Magnetic Field

It is known that there are nonlinear wave equations with localized solitary wave solutions. Some of these solitary waves are stable (with respect to a small perturbation of initial data) and have nonzero spin (nonzero intrinsic angular momentum in the center of momentum frame). In this paper we consider vector-valued solitary wave solutions to a nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation and investigate the behavior of these spinning solitary waves under the influence of an externally imposed uniform magnetic field. We find that the only stationary spinning solitary wave solutions have spin parallel or anti-parallel to the magnetic field direction.Comment: 4 page

Artur Cesar Iaia Memorial

Artur Cesar Iaia MemorialArtur Cesar Iaia Memoria

Principles for effective impact assessment: Examples from Western Australia

What makes an impact assessment process effective with respect to underlying legal and other principles? Prompted by a local review of administrative processes for environmental impact assessment (EIA), I identify 10 key aspects of IA legislation and practice in Western Australia along with corresponding principles. The EIA system in Western Australia (WA) has established an international reputation as a strong model for successful practice, and draws on more than 30 years of operation. Recent government reviews pose some threat and uncertainty regarding the future. In this context I reflected on the key ingredients of the legal and operating framework and realised that each conformed with important principles for good practice. Examples include a significance test at the screening step based on an environment-centred approach; public involvement that upholds natural justice expectations, transparency and accountability; the application of rational-scientific principles in the pursuit of adaptive environmental management; as well as upholding the polluter pays principle by ensuring that the proponent is responsible for all major EIA tasks and outcomes which in turn are legally binding and enforced. I outline each of the 10 principles using extracts from the legal arrangements for EIA in WA practice to illustrate each. I argue that the simultaneous attainment of all principles is necessary to deliver an effective impact assessment practice. The WA arrangements may have relevance to practice elsewhere in the world. I conclude with some observations on the implications of recent EIA review for the situation in Western Australia

Impacts of governance styles on river restoration in NW Europe

Item does not contain fulltext28th Annual Conference of IAIA - The Art and Science of Impact Assessment, 4 mei 200

International Association for Impact Assessment

International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA) defines impact assessment as “the process of identifying the future consequences of current or proposed action.” “IAIA is a forum for advancing innovation, development and communication of best practice in impact assessment. Its international membership promotes development of local and global capacity for the application of environmental assessment in which sound science and full public participation provide a foundation for equitable and sustainable development.

A fuzzy clustering model of information appliance

The purpose of this study is to propose a fuzzy clustering model of information appliances (IA). There are two sub-models, saying information appliance cluster engine (IACE) and user interactive model (UIM), in this model. The function of IACE is to process the users’ recognitions of IA devices. The UIM is the interface of IACE with the IA intelligent agents (IAIA). Via the proposed model, the IAIA can be more humanistic, and convenient for user. Also, via the implementation of this model, we can have the analysis of the optimal effectiveness