Current European weed control methods and strategies against annual and perennial weeds in organic farming

Review of physical and cultural weed control methods for organic farmin

Current achievements and future directions of physical weed control in Europe

This paper reviews major results achieved with physical weed control methods and strategies especially adapted for horticultural and agricultural crops. Mechanical methods, such as weed harrowing and inter-row hoeing, have provided promising results in cereals, pulse and oil seed rape, particularly when they are part of a strategy that also involves cultural methods such as fertiliser placement or crop seed vigour. In row crops, intra-row weeds constitute a major challenge, and research has mainly aimed at replacing laborious hand weeding with mechanization. A number of investigations have focussed on optimising the use of thermal and mechanical methods against intra-row weeds. And new methods are now under investigation such as robotic weeding for row crops with abundant spacing between individual plants and band-steaming for row crops developing dense crop stands

INTERGRATING PHYSICAL AND CULTURAL METHODS OF WEED CONTROL – EXAMPLES FROM EUROPEAN RESEARCH

The most recent advances in European research on non-chemical weed control methods and strategies for horticultural and agricultural crops are presented

Mechanical weed control in transplanted sugar beet

Results from two years experiments with mechanical weed control in transplanted organic sugar beet

Uncovered Interest Parity in a Partially Dollarized Developing Country: Does UIP Hold in Bolivia? (And If Not, Why Not?)

According to the Uncovered Interest Parity (UIP) condition, interest rate differentials compensate for expected exchange rate changes, equalizing the expected returns from holding assets which only differ in terms of currency denomination. In the previous literature, there are many tests of UIP for industrialized countries, and, more recently, some tests for emerging economies. However, due to data availability problems, poorer developing countries have not been studied. This paper tests UIP in a partially dollarized economy, Bolivia, where bank accounts only differ in terms of currency denomination (U.S. dollars or bolivianos). I find that UIP does not hold in Bolivia, but that the deviations are smaller than in most other studies of developed and emerging economies. Moreover, several factors seem to contribute to the deviations from UIP. The so-called peso problem could possibly account for the observed data, but there is also evidence of a time-varying risk premium, as well as deviations from rational expectations.Uncovered interest parity; UIP; partial dollarization; time-varying risk premium; peso problem; rational expectations

The importance of crop competition in physical and cultural weed control strategies

The prentation focussed on the importance of crop competition in physical and cultural weed control strategie

Visit to Australia and New Zealand

The report summarises experiences from a study tour to Australia and New Zealand where numerous organic farms and research stations were visited by the Danish scientist Bo Melande

Development of tools for automated physical weed control

Tools are being developed for automated physical weed control in the close to crop area. The most promising weed control concepts are the so-called high precision tillage solutions and thermal weed control by pulsed lasers