Henry Melchior Muhlenberg and pietism: a case study

Connections with Halle, including letter from Muhlenberg to Baroness Wilhelmine Sophie von Munchhausen, February 20, 174

Phonons in intrinsic Josephson systems with parallel magnetic field

Subgap resonances in the I-V curves of layered superconductors are explained by the coupling between Josephson oscillations and phonons with dispersion in c-direction. In the presence of a magnetic field applied parallel to the layers additional structures due to fluxon motion appear. Their coupling with phonons is investigated theoretically and a shift of the phonon resonances in strong magnetic fields is predicted.Comment: Invited Paper to the "2nd International Symposium on Intrinsic Josephson Effects and Plasma Oscillations in High-Tc Superconductors", 22-24 August 2000, Sendai, Japan, to be published in Physica

Martin Luther and the Jews

Socio-economic and theological factors in context of views of Bucer, Eck and Pfefferkorn

The how of ethical decision making

In the process of ethical decision making, moral judgment is as important as moral commitment; thus ethical decision making calls for thoughtful consideration. To assist in this process the article proposes a model with four components: 1) theological reflection; 2) social context; 3) moral agent in community; and 4) resolution, response, action, decision, strategy, and planning. The article stresses the central role of the moral agent as the one who is shaped by the social context and theological reflection and also as the one who in dialogue with other Christians and in a reciprocal relationship with social context and theological reflection, makes decisions and responds

State — Region — Branch — Enterprise: System Sustainability Framework of the Russian Economy

This paper investigates sustainability factors of the Russian economy as a multi-level, multi-entity and multi-aspect socio-economic system from the system perspective. The economic system sustainability concept is formulated as an ability to maintain preconditions for the development by supporting and effective using of economic system structure. The leading role of the community of economic entities at different levels (including the state as the entity of international relations, regions as the entities of Federation, enterprises as the business entities) in the economic sustainability is demonstrated. The necessity of the economic entity network “extension” by strengthening the sustainability of economic sectors is emphasized. The research into the internal basic system structure of an economic entity and external structure of its immediate surroundings in socio-economic, administrative-and-managerial and market environments using the results of the new economic systems theory contributes the evidence of the similarity of these structures to the conclusion. It is shown that each of the systems includes (together with an entity itself) four systems of different types (object, environment, process and project). The entity’s system environment has the same structure in administrative-and-managerial interlevel interactions. This makes it possible to combine the problem of the entity’s sustainability and the issue of the balanced system structures forming the economic entities’ internal and external environments. The method of calculating the index of such balanced systems is given. Recommendations on the selection of economic policy measures aimed at ensuring system sustainability of the Russian economy in the period of crisis are provided. It is shown that such a policy should be carried out in accordance with the principles of economic entity protection; balanced system of the economic entities’ internal and external environment; economic entities’ corporate solidarity regardless of their level in the management hierarchy.This article is supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant, project No. 14-18-02294