FAKTOR RISIKO RESISTENSI MIKROORGANISME TERHADAP SEFOTAKSIM PADA ANAK DENGAN PNEUMONIA DI RSUP SANGLAH DENPASAR

Pneumonia is one of the important health problems in most developing country. The main cause of pneumonia are Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus. Broad utilizationof antimicrobial contribute to the changes of resistance pattern of many kind microorganisms to antimicrobial. Some mechanisms microbial resistance that sensitive to antimicrobial could made from. Some research reported any increase of microbial resistance. Research about risk factors related with microbial resistance to antimicrobial were frequently done in some country. This research was aimed to determine risk factors are those related with cefotaxim resistance microorganism in pneumonia childrens who are hospitalization in Sanglah hospital, Denpasar. This was an analitics research that use case control design. Subject are childrens diagnosed pneumonia, since January 2006 until Desember 2010, who are hospitalization in pediatrics unit , Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. The data of antimicrobial therapy, kinds of microbial resistency and sensitivity to antimicrobial was collected from subject medical record. Risk factors related with microbial resistance to cefotaxim are calculated using a computer software. One hundred and fivetysix children were included in this study. Odds ratio between antimimicrobial used history in three months before with antimicrobial resistance for cefotaxim is 2.4 with CI 95% 1,187-4,86

KORELASI ANTARA KADAR C-REACTIVE PROTEIN DENGAN KADAR BESI SERUM PADA ANAK DENGAN PNEUMONIA BERAT

Pneumonia is one of the infectious disease which often occurs in children under five years old. At the time of infection, pro-inflammatory cytokines would be released. It is tought that these pro-inflammatory cytokines causes changes in iron homeostasis in the body. The objective of this study is to know the correlation between CRP levels and serum iron levels in children with severe pneumonia. An analytic cross sectional study was done on children aged 6 months-5 years old with severe pneumonia at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar from April 2010-September 2010. The laboratoric examination includes testing the CRP levels and serum iron levels. The correlation between CRP levels and serum iron levels are calculated using a computer software. From 69 children with severe pneumonia, 23 children fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In children with severe pneumonia, the average CRP level was 9,22 mg/L and serum iron level was 25,55 ug/dL. The coefficient correlation between CRP level and serum iron level was -0,580 with p = 0,004. The determination coefficient value is 31,6 %, which means the 31,6% decrease in serum iron is influenced by the increase in CRP. In children with severe pneumonia, the CRP levels correlates negatively with the serum iron levels