OPTIMALISASI HYDRAULIC RETENTION TIME (HRT), POROSITAS DAN TINGGI MEDIA TERHADAP PENURUNAN BOD5 DAN COD PADA PENGOLAHAN LINDI TPA WONOSOBO DENGAN SUBMERGED BIOFILTER

Generally, the problems in leachate treatment is the large operational load of the treatment which consumes high operational costs. To reduce the operastional costs, the treatment period was limited, so that the results of the treatment effluent does not fulfill the quality standards. Sending this effluent directly to the environment, will cause environmental degradation. Thus, better waste treatment methods that are efficient, inexpensive, and easy to operate with optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) is needed. The objective of this research was to study the treatment model of submerged biofilter with a combination of anaerobic process, and aerobic-anaerobic using gravel packing. The effect of HRT, porosity and packing height to the quality of effluent was observed experimentally. It is expected that the effluent of leachate treatment can fulfill the quality standards and can be used as raw material for organic liquid fertilizer production. In the present work, landfill leachate from Wonosobo regency, and gravel from the river in the Selomerto village of Wonosobo regency were used. The HRT�s were varied of 12, 24, and 36 hours, the porosity variations were 0.32 and 0.15, and the heght of media were varied to 300 mm and 500 mm. The BOD5 and COD of the effluent were analyzed and testing also the effluent to the plant. The results showed that the variations in HRT, porosity , and packing height affect the concentration reduction of BOD5 and COD in the effluent. The results also indicated that treatment by 24 hours of HRT, porosity of 0.3

OPTIMASI EKSTRAKSI RICE BRAN OIL DARI BEKATUL DENGAN PRETREATMENT FERMENTASI MENGGUNAKAN Aspergillus niger

Rice bran contains nutritious and healthful edible oil namely rice bran oil (RBO), it contains balance of fatty acids and unique antioxidants such as oryzanol, tocopherol, and tocotrienol. RBO is useful as a skin nutrition, prevent heart disease, anticancer and also has a hypocholesterolemic characteristic. RBO can be extracted from rice bran by extraction method, but it needs pretreatment to improve the yield and quality results. Fermentation pretreatment with Aspergillus niger is expected to facilitate rice bran extract by breaking down the cell wall, while protease facilitates oil release from cotyledon cells. This study was aimed to estimate the maximum yield of RBO in the rice bran used, study the effect of fermentation pretreatment using Aspergillus niger toward yield and quality of RBO, analyzing the quality of produced RBO, and estimate the economic aspects of medium industry scale in RBO production. RBO was obtained from rice bran by solvent extraction using ethanol 96%. Process variable

PRARANCANGAN PABRIK METIL SALISILAT DARI ASAM SALISILAT DAN METANOL DENGAN KAPASITAS 30.000 TON/TAHUN

Methyl salicylate is one of the most important derivative of salicylic acid, beside aspirin. It is an ester that has a wide range of uses in many industries. In pharmaeutical industries, methyl salicylate is used as an active ingredient in many of it�s formula as an analgesic. It�s well known aroma has also made it popular in the food beverage and cosmetic industries. Opportunities of developing the methyl salicylate industry in Indonesia is still quite large, considering that there exists no manufacturer here. The plant is planned to operate for 330 days/ year with a 99,65% w/w methyl salicylate production capacity of 30000 tons/ year. The main raw material required is as much as 17909,3043 tons/ year of 99,85% w/w methanol and 31404,0759 tons/ year of salicylic acid. The process used to produce methyl salicylate is the fischer esterification with sulfuric acid catalyst. In general, the methyl salicylate manufacturing process is as follows: (i) reaction between methanol and salicylic acid with sulfuric acid catalyst in a continuous-stirred tank reactor, (ii) neutralization of acid catalyst and residual unreacted salicylic acid using dilute NaOH solution, (iii) separation of salts, (iv) methyl salicylate purification through evaporation and (v) methanol recovery through distillation . As a support, the utility plant unit supplies water as much as 88937,1358 kg/ hour, 560,7322 kVA electricity and compressed air up to 84 m3/ hour. The plant will be established in Kariangau Industrial Complex, Balikpapan, East Kalimantan province, based on availibility of raw material. The region is close to the methanol industry and close to the harbor making it easier to import salicylic acid from China as well as to support distribution of the product. Plant location is close to Wain Dam, so the source of water for the utility plant unit is from river water. Calculation of economic evaluation results in fixed capital as much as $23,470,231.33 and working capital$23,791,896.55. At 100% production rate, ROI before tax 37,23%, ROI after tax 18,61%, POT before tax of 2,1 years, POT after tax of 3,5 years, with BEP at 44,87%, SDP at 24,80%, and 19,19% for DCFRR. Considering the economic evaluation that has been done, this methyl salicylate plant with capacity of 30000 tons / year is worth it to be studied further

PABRIK DIMETHYL ETHER DARI METHANOL KAPASITAS 77.000 TON/TAHUN

Dimethyleter is one of several compound in which proposed as an alternative fuel in order to reduce the dependency of community from oil and gas fuel based. In addition, its low content of NOx and SOx has benefit to reduce the environmental polution. The plant�s further development supoorted by the fact that the energy needs in Indonesia keep increasing in years meanwhile the oil production decreasing. The plant is planned to operate for 330 days / year with dimethyleter production capacity of 20,000 tons / year. The main raw material required is as much as 97,970.4 ton / year of 99% methanol. The method used is the dehydration of methanol with �-alumina catalyst. In general, dimethylether manufacturing stages process is as follows: (i) dehydration of methanol �-alumina catalyst which takes places in a fixed bed multitube reactor, (ii) dimethylether product purification through distillation. As a support, utility plant unit supplies the cooling water as much as 1,410.1383 tons / hour, 1,406.25 kVA electricity, compressed air up to 259.7143 m3/hr, and 18.5939 tons / hour of steam. The plant will be established in the city of Bontang, East Kalimantan province, with consideration of raw material oriented. Bontang region close to the methanol industry, and close to the harbor making it easier for the marketing of the product dimethylether. Plant location close to the sea, so that the source of water for utility plant unit derived from seawater. Calculation of economic evaluation results is fixed capital required equal to $16,183,535 + Rp 64.123.740.000 and working capital equal to$11.931.284 + Rp 3.211.166.000. At 100% production rate, obtained ROI before tax of 34,86%, ROI after tax of 13,95%. POT before tax of 2,23 years, POT after tax of 4,18 years, with BEP at 47,63%, SDP at 30,88%, and 31,94%. for DCFRR. Based on consideration of the economic evaluation results, this dimethylether plant with capacity 77000 tons / year worth to be studied further