SANITASI LINGKUNGAN DAN HYGIENE PERORANGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN DEMAM TIFOID DI KECAMATAN NGEMPLAK KABUPATEN BOYOLALI TAHUN 2010

Background: Typhoid fever is a disease caused by Salmonella typhi bacterial infection. The disease is still a public health problem particularly in developing countries. It is closely related with unhealthy environmental sanitation condition and poor practice of personal hygiene. In Indonesia, the disease is very endemic and occurs throughout the year in all regions. Subdistrict of Ngemplak is a subdistrict at the District of Boyolali that has the highest cases, i.e. 656 cases in 2009 or nearly 44% of all cases at the district with mortality as much as 9.26 per 1,000 population. This figure is higher than the overage rate of typhoid fever incidence in Indonesi

TPA GAMPONG JAWA DAN KESEHATAN PEMULUNG DI KOTA BANDA ACEH

Background: The scavenger who work in Gampong Jawa waste dump area careless about their health. This research was conducted to find out the relationship between scavengers and health condition. Method: An observational analytic study had been conducted using cross sectional design. The study used 45 respondents that consisted of scavenger either male or female with an age range of 20-65 years. Results: Multivariate analysis using backward method revealed the following results: (1) age and tenure in relation to respiratory complains, Cox & Sneel R² = 0,30

KONDISI LINGKUNGAN FISIK RUMAH TERHADAP KEJADIAN TUBERKULOSIS PARU DEWASA DI KABUPATEN BARITO KUALA

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis is a disease which is a serious issue. Based on reports from the Department of Health Barito Kuala district that the increase in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis from year to year, although there was a decrease in 2009, it can be seen from Case Detection Rate (CDR) in 2008 was 54.11%, in 2009 amounted to 52.11%, in 2010 recorded 58.44%, and 61.87% in 2011. Tuberculosis is caused by multiple risk factors, among others is factors of physical environmental of house with incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis AFB (Acid-Fast Bacilli) Positive among adults in Barito Kuala district. Objective: This study aims to identify the relationshipbetween theeffect of physical environment of houses to the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among adult in Barito Kuala District. Method: This study is an observational research with case control study design which examines the relationship between the specific effect (disease) to a particular risk factor. The number of samples in this study were 77 patients with tuberculosis AFB ( Acid-Fast Bacilli) positive as cases, and 77 controls (not tuberculosis). Data were analyzed by univariable statistical test, with chi square bivariate and multivariable logistic regression. Result: Results showed that the area of ventilation and lighting at homes correlate significantly with incidence of adult pulmonary tuberculosis in Barito Kuala District, while residential density, humidity, type of floor and wall conditions is not significantly associated. Conclusion: The most dominant risk factors with the incidence of adult pulmonary tuberculosis in Barito Kuala district, the lighting in homes that do not meet health requirements with adult pulmonary tuberculosis incidence

PERILAKU PETUGAS KESEHATAN DALAM PENANGANAN LIMBAH MEDIS DI RUMAH SAKIT IBU DAN ANAK PEMERINTAH ACEH

Background: Waste Produced by the activities of the hospital can bring out the high risk for health if can�t managed properly and correctly. The especially infectious waste (15% until 25%) from total of waste produced by the hospital. In Ibu dan Anak hospital Aceh Government still have problems of mixing medical and non medical waste. Particularly infectious medical waste is not managed properly. Separation of hazardous wastes from all wastes at the site of waste is one key for good waste disposal and this is strongly be affected by the behavior of health workers who work on waste-producing unit in the hospital. Goal: to know the relationship among knowledge, attitude, hospital policy and availability of medical waste treatment facilities with behavioral of health workers in handling of waste in Ibu dan Anak hospital Aceh Government. Method: the design of this study is observational using cross sectional survey design with the total of respondents was 80 persons. Result: there are positive and significant relationship of knowledge, attitude, hospital policy and availability facility with behavioral of health worker in the handling of waste (P<0.05) and low levels of closeness of relationship. Conclusions: attitude variables provide a very large effective contribution (17.858%) against the behavior of health workers in the handling of medical waste

ANGKA KUMAN UDARA DAN LANTAI RUANG RAWAT INAP RUMAH SAKIT PKU MUHAMMADIYAH YOGYAKARTA

Background: One of the objectives of health development is a healthy environment including hospital environment. The quality of hospital environment becomes one of that needs to be considered, because of there are some ways of transmission of germ that causing infection could occured through droplet, airborne or direct contact. The spreading of nosocomial infections in hospitals may occur at existing facilities in the hospital such as theatre or surgery room, emergency room, outpatient installation, and patient room. Objective: To determine the factors those are related to the number of bacteria in the air and floor of in patient room of PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Yogyakarta. Methods: The study was an observational analytic cross-sectional study design. The populations in this study were all of inpatient rooms at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital of Yogyakarta. The samples of the observation were all five wards. Data were collected using a check list, measuring temperature, humidity, lighting, number of bacteria in air and floor. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test to examine the relationship between variables and using Anova to see the differences. Results: The results showed a significant relationship exists between the number of patients with air bacteria rate (p = 0.037, r = 0.900), there is no correlation between the number of waiters and the number of air bacteria amount (p = 0.505, r = 0.400), there is correlation between the number of visitors and the number of air bacteria (p = 0.037, r = 0.900), there is no correlation between the number of air bacteria of sanitary room (p = 1.000, r = 0.000), there is no correlation betwen the number of patients with floor bacteria rate (p = 0.283, r = -0.602), there is no correlation between the number of waiters with the number of floor bacteria rate (p = 0.420, r = -0.474), there is correlation between the number of visitors to the number of floor bacteria (p = 0.032, r = -0.910), there is no correlation between sanitation floor space with a number of bacteria (p = 0.991, r = -0.007), there is no difference between the number of bacteria by the day (p = 0.82, F = 2.121), there is no difference in the number of floor bacteria by day (p = 0.226). Conclusion: There is significant correlation between the number of patients and the number of visitors to the average air bacteria rate per week in patient room. The number of patients and the number of visitors are the most powerful variable correlation contributed to the number of bacteria in the air in patient room PKU Muhammadiyah hospital Yogyakarta