ISOLASI METABOLIT SEKUNDER DARI JINTEN HITAM LOKAL (Nigella sativa L) DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN

This study was aimed to isolate secondary metabolites of the local black cumin seeds extract as quality indicator and determine antioxidant activity. Sample was obtained from local market, Pasar Gede, Solo which was origanally planted in Salatiga. This samples did not produce essential oils if it was distilled nwhile samples from Habasyah, Iran, India and Tunisia produced essential oils. Active compound from black cumin is thymoquinon which was identified using NMR and GCMS towards hexane and ethanol fractions. The antioxidant activities of fractions of hexane and ethanol extracts of black cumin were performed by DPPH (1, 1 � diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) method. Compounds that have the potential as chemical markers were isolated in the hexane fraction by radial chromatography. Isolates were characterized by proton and carbon NMR and mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts had IC50 value better than methanol extracts, but this result has not satisfied yet. To confirm the antioxidant activity, hexane and ethanol fractions of ethanol extract were asssessed. The results of hexane and ethanol fraction possesed IC 50 value of 400.55 and 835.88 ppm, respectively. Thymoquinon did not identified by NMR and GCMS. Based on the spectra of 1 H and 13 C-NMR, the major components from hexane fraction were fatty acids derivatives, while in the ethanol fraction were sugar derivatives. Profiling results of hexane fraction extracts of black cumin with GCMS showed that the majority compounds were methyl ester octadeca-9,12-dienoic (32.03% with similarity index (SI) = 97%) and ethyl linoleic (19.84% with SI = 92%), while in the ethanol fraction were hexedecanoic acid methyl ester (31.33% with SI = 97%) and 9-octadecanoic acid methyl ester (25.58% with SI = 97%). Isolate obtained was strongly suspected linoleic acid based on data IR, 1 H and 13 C-NMR

ADSORPSI ION FOSFAT DALAM AIR TAWAR DAN AIR LAUT MENGGUNAKAN BENTONIT ALAM KOMERSIAL YANG TERJERAP PADA Fe-ALGINAT DAN Ca-ALGINAT

The phosphate ion adsorption by commercial natural bentonite entrapped in Fe-alginate and Ca-alginate has been studied. The first step of this research was characterization of commercial natural bentonite from Magelang using XRD and AAS. The particle of bentonite-Fe-alginate (B-Fe-A) and bentonite-Ca-alginate (B-Ca-A) were synthesized with a ratio of bentonite:alginate (1:1) by extrusion method. Adsorption process of phosphate ion by B-Fe-A and B-Ca-A particle was carried out in fresh water and sea water by batch system at room temperature with variation of pH, contact time, and adsorbate concentration. The results of the XRD analysis from commercial natural bentonite showed 3 dominant peaks at diffraction angle (2θ) with d-value of 26.65°(3.34�

SINTESIS ZEOLIT A DARI ABU DASAR BATUBARA DAN APLIKASINYA UNTUK ADSORPSI KOBALT (II)

It was conducted study on synthesis of zeolite A from coal bottom ash in PLTU Paiton East Java and its application to the cobalt(II) adsorption. Synthesis of zeolite A was conducted by the combination of melting method of NaOH and its hydrothermal treatment using microwave. Hydrothermal treatment was conducted at the temperature of 100 degree C for 3 hours. The coal bottom ash and the synthetic zeolite A was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM and GSA using the method of BET. The adsorping study involved the influenced parameter of pH, kinetic adsorption and its isothermal adsorption of Co(II). The number of adsorpted Co(II) was analyzed using AAS. The analytical result using AAS showed that the coal bottom ash of PLTU Paiton contained silica and alumina that were the raw products synthesis of zeolite A. The characterization using FTIR and XRD showed that the melting process of coal bottom ash of NaOH produced the silicate and alumina amorf. The optimal condition of adsorption 10 mL Co(II) by 40 mg coal bottom ash and 40 mg zeolite A were reached at pH 7. The adsorption 10 mL Co(II) time for coal bottom ash of zeolite A was started to be stable at the 30 minute. The kinetical adsorption 10 mL Co(II) by 40 mg coal bottom ash and 40 mg zeolite A tended to follow the kinetical order of one model of Santoso et al, compared by the kinetical order of one model of Langmuir-Heinshelwood. The adsorption of 10 mL Co(II) increased to 150 ppm for the 40 mg zeolite A and 60 ppm for the 40 mg coal bottom ash. The adsorption of 10 mL Co(II) by 40 mg zeolite A was processed chemically and followed the isothermal adsorption model of Langmuir with the adsorption capacity, the equilibrium constant (K) and the adsorption energy were 5.19 x 10-4mol/g, 1.85 x 104mol-1L and 24.59 kJ/mol, respectively. The adsorption of 10 mL Co(II) by 40 mg coal bottom ash was processed physically and followed the isothermal adsorption model of Freundlich with the adsorption capacity and the equilibrium constant (K) were 0.04 mol/g and 1.24 mol-1L, respectively . The study results showed that the zeolite A could be synthesized from the coal bottom ash and the adsorption of 10 mL Co(II) by 40 mg zeolite A was higher than that was reached by the 40 mg coal bottom ash

PREPARASI DAN KARAKTERISASI BENTONIT TERMODIFIKASI DIMETILDIOKTADESILAMONIUM BROMIDA SERTA APLIKASINYA UNTUK ADSORPSI NAFTALENA

The naphthalene adsorption by dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) surfactant modified bentonite has been studied. The first step of this research was characterization of bentonite from Sukabumi, Boyolali, and Pacitan to determine the content of montmorilonite and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The bentonite having highest montmorilonite content and CEC value was chosen for this research. The bentonite was then treated with HCl 6 M at 95 �C with time variation to remove the impurities. The treated bentonite was then modified with DDA surfactant by ion exchange method at room temperature for 24 hours with variation of DDA concentration. Adsorption process of naphthalene on bentonite-DDA was carried out in batch system at room temperature with variation of naphthalene concentration and contact time. The adsorption result was calculated by subtracting the initial naphthalene concentration with the remaining unadsorbed concentration using spectrophotometer UV-Vis. The result of the research shows that bentonite from Pacitan has highest montmorilonite content which is 82.46% and CEC value which is 68.80 meq/ 100 g, so that it was chosen to be used in this research. Acid treatment of the bentonite using HCl 6 M at 95 �C can remove the impurities optimally without destroyed montmorilonite structure was obtained in 4 hours. Bentonite modification with DDA gave the maximum result at 0.17 M of DDA concentration or equal with one CEC value. The adsorption of naphthalene on bentonite-DDA was found as monolayer following Langmuir adsorption isotherm with adsorption capacity and adsorption energy 0.87 mg/g and 25.03 kJ/mol respectively. The adsorption kinetics of naphthalene on bentonite-DDA followed pseudo second order equation with rate constant as 0.48 g.mg-1.min-1