Differential clinical effects of chlorhexidine gels on patients undergoing orthodontic treatment

OBJECTIVES AND BACKGROUND This study aims to evaluate and compare the clinical effects on gingival inflammation and plaque control using 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate gel with 0.1% chlorhexidine digluconate gel in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty six patients aged between 20 and 30 years receiving fixed appliance orthodontic treatment in private practice, were selected for this study. Patients were split in two groups. The first group received a subgingival application of 10 ml 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate gel (Glucosite, Cerkamed). Subjects in the second group received a subgingival application of 10 ml 0.1% chlorhexidine digluconate gel (RxPerioflush, Dental Life Sciences). RESULTS The results of the present study seem to support the results of previous scientific studies where chlorhexidine gluconate was used in a similar population CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of this study, we showed that usage of chlorhexidine gels in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment reduce PI, GI and BOP and PD, but no significant difference was observed, except for the initial phase of the inflammatory process concerning the gingival tissue. REFERENCES 1. 1 Fiore JP, Ishikuwa So, Kim DM. Gingival inflamation. In: Newman MG, Takel HH, Klokkeuold PR. Carranza’s clinical periodontology, Missouri. Linda Duncan. 2006. p. 389-396. 2. Lindhe J. Textbook of clinical periodontology 2nd ed., Copenhagen: Munksgaard. 1989. p. 234- 236. 3. Zachrisson S, Zachrisson BU. Gingival condition associated with orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod. 1972. p. 26–34

Microbiological aspects in periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus

Background and Aims. Scientists are constantly showing a high interest for the relationship between Periodontal Disease (PD) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM). PD, “the sixth complication” of DM is recognized to be a chronic gram-negative anaerobic infectious disease. This paper is aimed at reviewing and evaluating the correlations between PD and DM from a microbiological point of view. Treatment implications of PD’s management as an important component of DM care is reviewed in the light of microbiological current knowledge. Materials and Methods. Microbiological studies and clinical trials were selected from medical and dental journals, and studied thoroughly. Results. Plaque biofilm and prolonged hyperglycemia increase the risk of PD development in DM. These two features determine inflammatory reactions that end-up in tissue destruction and impaired healing responses. Few pathogens are considered highly prevalent periodontal pathogens, with destructive actions. Studies have shown that metabolic balance or lack of balance determines bacterial variations in diabetic patients with PD. Other results demonstrate the importance of microbial tests (especially PCR techniques) as indicators for healing or disease progression. Conclusions. There aren’t many studies assessing the relationship between PD and DM from microbiological points of view. In light of increasing evidence, larger interventional studies are neede