KAJIAN SISTEM PENGANGKATAN AIR TENAGA SURYA DI GUA PLAWAN, DESA GIRICAHYO, KECAMATAN PURWOSARI, KABUPATEN GUNUNG KIDUL, DI YOGYAKARTA

Solar Water Pumping System (SWPS) in Plawan Cave was build in 2008 to meet the water needs of the people in Giricahyo village, Purwosari District, Gunung kidul Regency. SWPS has a capacity of 12 kWp (kilowatt peak) and was used to drive submersible pump 10 pieces. SWPS has been damaged and are not functioning since 2010. This study is aimed to assess the SWPS based on the data characteristics of each component. The scope of research are analysis of the solar panels, pumps, controllers and cabling systems. Generally, solar panels are still in good condition but the efficiency were decreasing. Measured value of efficiency at 15, 21, 22 September 2013 is about 7.10 to 10.88% from the normal efficiency that is 13.89%. Several solar panels suffered hot spot that have a significant decrease in efficiency, that is about 4.52 to 5.7%. Pump suffers strong corrosivity and scaling on the mechanical components so as to hinder the movement of the pump when used. However, the pump still has a good electrical condition. Controller suffered damage in its regulator components. Improvement of controller can only be done with a probability of 33.3%. System wiring is still in good condition although there is an increase in resistance values. Improvement recommendations to be done are: replacing solar panels that have hot spot and permanently installed solar panels at an angle of 8 o to the north. The pump must be repaired on mechanical components such as rotors, couplings and piping connections. Overcoming scaling required periodic cleaning of the pump. Controller can only be repaired about 3 pieces and the rest should be replaced. Then the wiring needs to be relocated to land with low human activity or make the lines underground. The investment cost for the repair is 127 507 000,00 IDR

IMPLEMENTASI MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracker) DC-DC CONVERTER PADA SISTEM PHOTOVOLTAIC DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA TEGANGAN KONSTAN, PERTURB AND OBSERVE (P&O) DAN INCREMENTAL CONDUCTANCE

Solar energy is one of most important renewable energy source. The solar cell V-I characteristic is non linear and varies with irradiation and temperature and there is a unique point on the V-I or V-P curve with Vmpp and Impp coordinate, called the Maximum Power Point (MPP) at which the PV system operates with maximum efficiency and produce its maximum power output. MPP depend on the irradiation level of sunlight and the module temperature where they changes continuously with weather condition. Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) techniques are needed to search the maximum power output and to maintain the PV array�s operating point at its MPP This research will build a device to optimize MPP on PV system which implementing MPPT algorithm, they are Constant Voltage, Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance. Third of the algorithm will be compared to get the maximum conversion efficiency of electrical power generation. Boost converter and microcontroller ATMEGA 32 are used to control the voltage and current PV array in order to get the maximum power output. Experiment result in the laboratory using lamp 24V/16W and battery 24V/2.5Ah as load and using Constant voltage, P&O and Incremental Conductance confirm that conversion efficiency of electrical power output are 43.523%, 39.741% and 44.717%. whereas experiment result in the real condition show that conversion efficiency of electrical power output are 32.263%, 33.351% and 38.568%. Incremental Conductance algorithm has higher conversion efficiency than another algorithm

PEMODELAN HYBRID POWER SYSTEM UNTUK SISTEM KELISTRIKAN DI KABUPATEN SUMBAWA

Energy resources are natural resources strategic valuable and very important to supporting the region development activities in particular sectors of the economy. Energy management which includes the supply, utilization and enterprise shall be done justice, sustainability and so can give optimum benefit for the greater welfare of the people. The use of fossil fuels as a source of electrical energy (PLTD) will cause environmental and technical problems result of pollution and the limited amount of fossil energy reserves. Sumbawa district has a variety of potential sources of renewable energy that can be harnessed to meet the electrical energy needs of society which tends to increase every year such a

ANALISIS PERANCANGAN KEMBALI SISTEM PENYEDIAAN AIR BERSIH DI DESA GIRICAHYO KECAMATAN PURWOSARI KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL DI YOGYAKARTA BERBASIS HOMER

Water Supply System in Giricahyo Village was built in 2007. This system was powered from generator 30 kW and PV 12 kWp, but the system is stand alone and disjointed. Generator is used to drive 1 pump while PV pumps 10 submersible pumps and arranged in two pumping sistems with a total of head 235 m. Both of these systems did not work since 2010. Ministry of Public Work through Unit Department of PK-PAM Yogyakarta wants to repair the system back. In collaboration with the Department of Physics Engineering UGM, the research was conducted to evaluate and re design water supply system. This study specifically focused on re-design based on HOMER software. The result of this study is a recommendation and analysis sistem performed using HOMER. HOMER analyzes performance using deferrable and primary loads methods. This analysis sees how far the prospects of PV energy can be used as well as determines the optimal pump power that can be used by making variable of its pump. The result, 12 kWp PV needed converter 4 kW to meet the needs of optimum of 31.4 %. Pump load are 1.5 kW and 3 kW load used in the primary method analysis. As a result, capacity shortage of 1.5 kW is at 3.2 % and for 3 kW pump is at 9.9 % which means the use of pumps up to 1.5 kW is better and can deal with fluctuating solar radiation. The demand that can be fulfilled by 1.5 kW pump is at 22.4 % . The use of generators is not recommended

DEVELOPMENT OF DATA LOGGER FOR MONITORING SALT BRIDGE MEMBRANE SEA WATER GALVANIC CELL (SaBrine SWALL) USING ATMEGA32 MICROCONTROLLER

The research was conducted on the basis of the existing problems on SaBrine SWALL characteristics. The main problem faced is the monitoring system of power generated from SaBrine SWALL. To be able to monitor the system at any time, there is a need for a tool that can monitor the condition of the power and can do the analysis and evaluation of research development and improvement. An automated system that can be used to monitor the system is a data logger. A data logger was chosen because it is more practical and economical to be used in a real time monitoring system than those which are require the support of high technology such as communication networks that do not necessarily exist in remote areas. The parameter to be monitored is the output power SaBrine SWALL in the forms of strong current and voltage. The memory used is the ATMEGA32 microcontroller for practical reasons and can easily be transferred to a computer USB. The designing process included the design of hardware and programming. So, the result from this research is a tool that is ready to be used not just a simulation or design. The test results on material selection and voltage showed that the highest values were achieved by Cu and Zn metal materials as the electrode. The researchers added membrane method that can be used to reduce corrosion, rust, and can increase the electrical conductivity (EC) of sea water. The testing of the sea water, before and after it was inserted to SaBrine SWALL, showed that there was an increase of EC from 35,650 to 40,450 μ Mohs/cm. The sea water used in the SaBrine SWALL electrolyte increased by 4,800 μ Mohs/cm. In this research, the data were collected for 10 times. The retrieval of data for each collection consisted of 241 data stored for 295 hours: 35 minutes accompanied by a decrease in the volume of sea water of 500 ml of each cell. The data were analyzed by numerical methods using a linear regression equation to obtain the average resistance (r) of SaBrine SWALL at 0.034 Ω. R shunt of 3 volt LED lamp at 1.51 Ω and R shunt of 10 volt LED lamp at 1.76 Ω. While R shunt bulb lamp of 2.5 volt 0.5 Ampere average is 25.55 Ω. In the power calculation SaBrine SWALL to 10 times during 295 hours of data collection: 35 minutes (total time of data collection logger) obtained at 212.222 watt hours of energy. While energy calculations using the equations obtained at = 223.902 Watt hours (within 295 hour

SISTEM PENGANGKATAN AIR DENGAN POMPA HIDRAM UNTUK DISTRIBUSI AIR BERSIH PADA SENDANG COYO KABUPATEN GROBOGAN

Pulo Kulon District is known as a dry areas during the dry season, to fullfill the water needs , people buy some water from Spring Coyo water source with water tank trucks for Rp. 125,000 per tank. The water needs in the tourist site Sendang Coyo has been filled with diesel fuel pump. The water is provided by diesel pump has been used for need of water in toilet, mosque, cafeteria and watering teak tree seedlings. The purpose of research is to design the Hydram Pump, what kind of Hydram Pump and what the characteristics that is used to pump water at Sendang Coyo and to know the results of pumping applications of clean water in Spring Coyo tourist site. The first process of this research was seeked the research permit on Perhutani Unit I Central Java, and then mapping the location to determine the effective position for the pump and measure the most optimal head. Measuring the flow rate using flowmeter and calculated the water discharge on the water gate that will be use. Planned the discharge at the Sendang Coyo site to determine the water pumping capacity. The research process is assisted by local people who have joined in the organization LMDH (Forest Village Community Institution) Jati Lestari. Total head of the Hydram Pump is 1.535 m, and the net head is 1.0385 m. The diameter of the drive pipe is 2 "(5.08 cm) with 12.5 m in length. Air chamber diameter is 3 "(7.62 cm) with height of 60 cm. The Body of Hydram pump is 2 "(5.08 cm). Outlet pipe diameter is ½� (1,27 cm). The results of testings show that, the optimum weight of waste valve is 300 grams, the optimum length of the valve step is 0.01 m, with an optimum pumping height is 6m and the highest efficiency is 51%. Maximum height of the water pumping is 9m. Some tests with the heigt of pumping at 9.5 m, the water can rise to the top but the flow is not constant. The output pumping discharge is 0.0477 l / s or 4121.28 l / day at the 6m height. This result doesn�t fulfill the discharge requirement 6070.8 liters / day. The specifications of Hydram Pump can not fulfill the water needs of the tourist sites Sendang CoyoKabupaten Grobogan. It is required the larger capasicity of Hydram Pumps or installed two or more Hydram Pumps

ANALISIS TRANSMISI AIR SISTEM PENGANGKATAN AIR TENAGA SURYA DI GUA PLAWAN, DESA GIRICAHYO, KECAMATAN PURWOSARI, GUNUNG KIDUL, DI YOGYAKARTA

Giricahyo village is karst area where water shortages is common in every year. In 2010 there was damage to the Solar Water Pumping System (SWPS) already installed. The pump was broken in the mechanical parts. The system worked by 2-time lifting. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the pipeline network in order to choose the appropriate pump with a power capacity of 1.2 kWp, and then calculate the capacity of water that can be lifted. The research was conducted by studying literature and doing field survey to find out the population of the village Giricahyo, the data of piping system had been installed, and pump specifications. Pump PS1200 PS1200 HR-07 and HR-04H were chosen for the system. At the first lifting, it is used Configuration 3 by using 5 Pump PS1200 HR-07, and Configuration 2 by using 4 Pump PS1200 HR-07 and 1 PS1200 04H at the second lifting. Based on the power scenario that was created, the system is able to meet the basic water needs for 22.4% of the people. In actual field conditions, the solar panels output energy utilized by the pump to produce a flow may change due to the changing value of the inverter efficiency. The efficiency of the inverter changes depend on the value of the output of solar panels as an input inverter

RANCANGAN SOLAR THERMAL MENGGUNAKAN CERMIN SEBAGAI REFLEKTOR CAHAYA DENGAN FUNGSI MULTIGUNA SEBAGAI TEKNOLOGI ALTERNATIF

Research solar thermal uses mirrors as a light reflector made using two pieces of mirror reflector with a diameter of 193 cm and 63.5 cm. The test conducted by variations on temperature, intensity, luminous flux, energy, heat transfer, electromagnetic waves, radiation, geometry, efficiency. In the reflector data recovery tool, made by monitoring the position (displacement) adjusted the position of the sun and rest. Parabolic mirror as research pans supported:. A) Timah, ( 0 at temperatures T"AV % = 305,5 K%, T'AV % = 307,7 K%, T(AV % = 406,6 K%, T)AV % = 467,1 K%, T*'AV % = 503,3 K%, εAV = 0,38, ITAV = 1143,4 W/m, -./ = 48,53 kW, Fluks = > 3000 Lumen, The energy required to 29.389,736 joules. (b). Water, () at temperatures T"AV % = 306,4 K%, T'AV % = 308,4 K%, T(AV % = 354,5 K%, T)AV % = 360,8 K%, T*'AV % = 371,013 K%, εAV = 0,563, ITAV = 587,877 W/m, -./ = 24,952 kW, Fluks = > 3000 Lumen, with variable load, requiring 4,762,971 joules of energy. Parabolic mirror that serves as an antenna for a satellite, depending on geography and latitude, in this study produced three satellites, with the Chanel: 26, and the energy E = 2,504*10 joules at 2,743*10 joules, and wavelength of 0,072 m to 0,081 m

STUDI SISTEM MONITORING JARINGAN PDAM DAN RANCANG BANGUN MONITORING PLTMH PADA BAK PELEPAS TEKAN IV PDAM KOTA MALANG

Micro hydro as one of the current renewable energy power plants can be used as an alternative energy for areas that have not been powered by PLN. The constructiom does not always require a high cost, one of the solution is to utilize the Water Release Chamber owned by PDAM. In this research takes place on Water Release Chamber IV PDAM Malang that has the potential of water until 100 l /sec. In addition to micro hydro development in terms of mechanical and electrical with the information and control technology developed at this time should be used for various things that can be used in assisting our daily tasks. Monitoring a data measurement as real time and data acquisition can be used to increase renewable energy sources, monitoring the efficiency, security and sends the data using a intercommunication system. In this study created a monitoring system to monitor and collect data in real time from the output of the generator at the Microhydro in BPT IV. Design of the controller hardware using a series of AT Mega 8, voltage sensors, current sensors, and frequency sensors while to display and design of software using Visual Basic 6. Next on the display will show the value of current, voltage, frequency, power consumption and load graphical display. The results from the use of the load can be stored in table form and can be saved through Microsoft Excel. Camera used to monitoring the of the Microhydro equipments and the tub press release situation. The results of testing in the laboratory used to determine the suitability of the measurement with the measuring instrument with the display on a monitoring system with a value of 2.3% error voltage sensor, 2,5 % current sensor and sensor frequency of 0.4%. This indicates that this monitoring system has been able to read well the measurement results. But for the transmitter and receiver module is still not working properly because at the time of the test the data transmission, receivers module can not receive the perfect data that sent by the transmitter