Цифровой двойник стенда физического подобия, имитирующий процесс переработки нефти

Цель работы – разработка и реализация полной математической модели стенда физического подобия по изучению алгоритмов автоматического управления в гидродинамических системах. В процессе исследования проводились исследования по получению математической модели стенда физического подобия, обработка экспериментальных данных, уточнение модели, синтез простейших алгоритмов автоматического управления одноконтурных систем. В результате исследования была получена математическая модель, адекватно описывающая происходящие процессы в системе. В будущем планируетсяулучшить модель, реализовать когнитивного помощника, обеспечить всестороннее цифровое планирование.The purpose of the work is the development and implementation of a complete mathematical model of the physical similarity stand for the study of automatic control algorithms in hydrodynamic systems. In the course of the research, research was carried out to obtain a mathematical model of the physical similarity stand, processing of experimental data, refinement of the model, synthesis of the simplest algorithms for automatic control of single-loop systems. As a result of the research, a mathematical model was obtained that adequately describes the processes occurring in the system. It is planned to improve the model, implement a cognitive assistant, and provide digital planning

Cops, Teachers, and the Art of the Impossible: Explaining the lack of diffusion of impossible job innovations

In their now classic Impossible Jobs in Public Management, Hargrove and Glidewell (1990) argue that public agencies with limited legitimacy, high conflict, low professional authority, and weak agency myths have essentially impossible jobs. Leaders of such agencies can do little more than cope, which is also a theme of James Q. Wilson (1989), among others. Yet in the years since publication of Impossible Jobs, one such position, that of police commissioner has proven possible. Over a sustained 17-year period, the New York City Police Department has achieved dramatic reductions in crime with relatively few political repercussions, as described by Kelling and Sousa (2001). A second impossible job discussed by Wilson and also by Frederick Hess (1999), city school superintendent, has also proven possible, with Houston and Edmonton having considerable academic success educating disadvantaged children. In addition, Atlanta and Pittsburgh enjoyed significant success in elementary schooling, though the gains were short-lived for reasons we will describe. More recently, under Michelle Rhee, Washington D.C. schools have made the most dramatic gains among city school systems. These successes in urban crime control and public schooling have not been widely copied. Accordingly, we argue that the real conundrum of impossible jobs is why agency leaders fail to copy successful innovations. Building on the work of Teodoro (2009), we will discuss how the relative illegitimacy of clients and inflexibility of personnel systems combine with the professional norms, job mobility and progressive ambition of agency leaders to limit the diffusion of innovations in law enforcement and schooling. We will conclude with ideas about how to overcome these barriers

Integration von Nanostrukturen durch alternative Methoden: Mizellen-Deposition, Template-Wachstum und Nanogaps

This work is motivated by the aim to realize a higher integration density for storage elements in tomorrows microelectronic devices. This is achieved on the one hand by the application of novel materials with increased functionality and on the other hand through shrinking the device dimensions with the help of new structuring techniques. Three different approaches are studied: 1.) It is shown that the over all integration of binary or ternary oxidic materials between a crossbar array allows the realization of resistively switching RAMs within a CMOS process flow. 2.) TiO$_{2}$ crystallization seeds are realized without standard lithography methods to provide a predefined way for the integration of the resistively switching materials. Self assembled diblock-copolymer micells are used as a hard mask in a CMOS-like process flow. 3.) To offer the possibility for studying candidates of future molecular electronics a prototype chip is realized. With the help of electron beam lithography the distance of two nanoelectrodes were reduced to 8nm. The narrow dimensions of the gap, the possibility to introduce a third electrode (quasi gate electrode) and the excellent behavior in liquid environment enables an good starting point for the electrical characterization of future nanoelectronic elements

Blasendetektoren, ein alternatives Verfahren zur Dosimetrie und Spektrometrie in Neutronenfeldern

Viskose Gele eignen sich als Trägersubstanz feinster Tröpfchen einer überhitzten Flüssigkeit. Durch Neutronenstrahlung werden in einigen Tröpfchen sichtbare Blasen gebildet, deren Anzahl der Dosis proportional ist. Die mit diesen Polymeren gefüllten, integrierenden Detektoren sind gewebeäquivalent, passiv, wiederverwendbar und für Gammastrahlung nicht empfindlich. Sie sind nicht größer als ein Reagenzglas. Mit Hilfe energieselektiver Neutronenfilter können sie zu einfachen Neutronenspektrometern ausgebaut werden. Damit steht für den im Strahlenschutz wichtigen Bereich niedriger Dosen (1 mSv bis 1000 mSv) ein einfaches Verfahren für Dosimetrie und Spektrometrie bei Neutronenenergien < 10 MeV zur Verfügung

Integration of ferroelectric lead titanate nanoislands for direct hysteresis measurements

We report on the integration of fully functional ferroelectric PbTiO3 nanostructures of typically less than 100 nm lateral extension into a low-k dielectric hydrogen silsesquioxane film. Chemical mechanical polishing of the dielectric layer down to an overall thickness below the nanoparticles height exposes the structures. After confirmation of the piezoelectricity of individual embedded grains, gold electrode pads are deposited to characterize several of these grains in parallel. Evidence of ferroelectric switching is observed and discussed within an equivalent circuit model. This paves the way to a better integration and statistical analysis of ferroelectric nanostructures. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics