Constraints to Food Security: The Philippine Case

Over the past two decades, the Philippine economic growth has been erratic and lower than most developing countries in Asia. The agriculture sector has not performed well since 1980s, hence losing its comparative advantage. Recommendations of Congressional Commission on Agricultural Modernization is adopted through the Agricultural and Fisheries Modernization Act which spells out the need for policy and institutional reforms and setting up of public expenditures program. High food prices affect the food security of the large majority of the poor and distorted price incentives lead to lower sectoral and economy-wide income. To address market failure in the agriculture sector, there is therefore a need to implement appropriate policies with respect to trade and exchange rate policies, financial markets, intellectual property rights and biosafety. In addition, the paper cites the need for a cost-effective public expenditure program in research and extension, irrigation and market infrastructure. Efficient institutional frameworks for property rights and government bureaucracy are also suggested.agriculture sector, food price stability

Simulating the Effects of GATT-UR/WTO on the Philippine Economy

The GATT/WTO may affect the Philippine economy in three ways: through changes in tariff structure resulting from the country’s commitment in the Uruguay Round, through the expansion of world trade as developed and less developed countries adjust their protection structures and through the changes in the prices of tradable goods as both DCs and LDCs realign their trade and nontrade barriers. This paper simulates the possible effects of these developments in the local economy. In particular, this paper aims to determine whether the impact is favorable at the macroeconomic level and whether it is progressive in terms of income distribution. To simulate the impact of these changes, a computable general equilibrium model of the Philippine economy called the APEX model is utilized.computable general equilibrium (CGE), agriculture sector

Reflections on Philippine Sociology in the 1990s

This paper shares initial reflections on Philippine sociology in the 1990s. It takes off from previous assessments of the state of the social sciences as well as from observations regarding the current involvement of Filipino sociologists and the substantive and methodological developments in their discipline.sociology

National Economic Strategy in a Sluggish World Setting

This article is presented before the 19th Annual Meeting of the Philippine Economic Society at the Manila Hotel on December 11, 1982. Examination of the Philippine strategy for development during the 1970s has indicated a success that is relatively short-lived; hence, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of the links between the short-run strategies to long-term policies.competition, development program, economic reform

Reflections on Philippine Sociology in the 1990s

This paper shares initial reflections on Philippine sociology in the 1990s. It takes off from previous assessments of the state of the social sciences as well as from observations regarding the current involvement of Filipino sociologists and the substantive and methodological developments in their discipline.sociology

The 1981-85 Tariff Changes and Effective Protection of Manufacturing Industries

This article assesses the impact of the ongoing tariff reform on effective protection rate (EPR) in the manufacturing sector given that the scheduled tariff rate changes will be fully implemented. Tariff levels of the Philippines and other ASEAN countries during 1970s are compared. It also briefly describes the nature of Philippine tariff rate changes scheduled for 1980-1985. Estimation of sectoral EPR and its analysis are also provided.tariff, trade sector, manufacturing sector, effective protection rate, ASEAN, export commodities, trade policies, ASEAN tariffs

The 1981-85 Tariff Changes and Effective Protection of Manufacturing Industries

This article assesses the impact of the ongoing tariff reform on effective protection rate (EPR) in the manufacturing sector given that the scheduled tariff rate changes will be fully implemented. Tariff levels of the Philippines and other ASEAN countries during 1970s are compared. It also briefly describes the nature of Philippine tariff rate changes scheduled for 1980-1985. Estimation of sectoral EPR and its analysis are also provided.tariff, trade sector, manufacturing sector, effective protection rate, ASEAN, export commodities, trade policies, ASEAN tariffs

National Economic Strategy in a Sluggish World Setting

This article is presented before the 19th Annual Meeting of the Philippine Economic Society at the Manila Hotel on December 11, 1982. Examination of the Philippine strategy for development during the 1970s has indicated a success that is relatively short-lived; hence, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of the links between the short-run strategies to long-term policies.competition, development program, economic reform

Methods for Agricultural Policy Analysis: An Overview

This article summarizes the articles that have been presented at the Workshop on Methods for Agricultural Policy Analysis held at UP Los Baños on August 13-14, 1985. It has four parts: the farm production/productivity change, the food consumption, the rural/ agricultural households in imperfect market settings and the methodologies for combining partial and general equilibrium framework.economic/development modelling, computable general equilibrium (CGE), agriculture sector