1,027,118 research outputs found
âAll the places we were not supposed to goâ:a case study of formative class and gender habitus in adventure climbing
This paper explores the origins of meaning in adventurous activities. Specifically, the paper reports on a study of 10 adventure climbers in the Scottish mountaineering community. The study explores how formative experiences have influenced engagement in adventure climbing. Work has been done on the phenomenology of adventure and how individuals interpret and find meaning in the activityâthis paper goes a step further and asks where do these dispositions come from? Using Bourdieuâs ideas of field, habitus and forms of capital to frame these experiences in the wider social environment, early experiences are identified that, for the subjects of this study, provide a framework for their later adoption of the âadventure habitusâ. Among these influences are mainstream education, adventure education in particular, as well as broader formative experiences relating to factors such as gender and class. In addition, the study suggests that accounts differ between males and females in terms of their attitudes and dispositions towards adventure. This may relate to their respective experiences as well as expanding opportunities for both males and females. However, while the âadventure fieldâ provides a context where women can develop transformative identities, these are nearly always subject to male validation
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Reflective Composition: the declarative composition of roles to unify objects, roles, and aspects [poster session]
As bases for object-orientation, both class-based and prototype-based organization have limitations. We argue that roles have significant benefits as a foundation for organizing objects. We further argue that these benefits can be realised most flexibly using logic meta-programming. Additional benefits from this approach are to reduce redundancy and subsume aspects
The Economic Impact of a Possible Irrigation-Water Shortage in Odessa Sub-Basin of Adams and Lincoln Counties
The Columbia Basin Project (CBP) was one of the single largest projects undertaken by the Bureau of Reclamation. The venture, which started in the 1930s in Central Washington, did not entirely turn out as expected. In fact, almost half of the proposed irrigable area, located mainly in the north eastern portion of the original plan, doesnât have any water supply from the project for irrigation purposes. The Odessa Sub-area is one of those areas. The land in this area is fertile and produces very high quality potatoes. Over the last couple of decades, production in this Odessa sub-region has been possible primarily because of irrigation based on deep wells. However, the underground water is drawing down and crop production may shut down as a result. Therefore, an economic threat on the economy of the Columbia Basin is in the offing, unless alternative water sources are negotiated. In this paper, we will mainly explore the regional economic impacts of the possible production losses of crops produced in the Odessa Sub-area of Lincoln and Adams Counties. In Section A, we briefly discuss the current status of the Columbia Basin Project. In Section B, we discuss ground water level decline issues. In Section C, we enumerate the economic impacts of a possible reduction in crop production in Odessa Subregions of Adams and Lincoln Counties. Summary and conclusions are in the final section.Irrigation water shortage, Idessa sub-basin, Economic Impact,
Assessing the Economic Impact of Minimum Wage Increases on the Washington Economy: A General Equilibrium Approach
Washington voters passed Initiative Measure No. 688 on November 3, 1998. This bill increased Washingtonâs minimum wage to 6.50 on January 1, 2000. The Initiative required that future annual changes in Washingtonâs minimum wage be indexed to inflation in the BLS Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W). As of 2005, Washington had the highest minimum wage in the nation at 5.15 per hour; however, Oregon is the only other state with an inflation-indexed minimum wage, which was 22.61 million (2.38 percent of the baseline minimum wage bill). The loss in the total wage and capital bill for the state economy was $14.04 million. The predicted change in gross state product was roughly 0.007 percent. Tracing the impact of increases in the minimum wage across the size distribution of household income, low income households in Washington experienced an increase in welfare and there was a slight decrease in welfare for high income households.Washington's minimum wage, the Washington CGE model, Two-level CES production functions, elasticity of labor-capital substitution, welfare change
The Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia: From 1825 to 1908
This brief 1908 history of Jefferson Medical College was written by James W. Holland. An 1868 graduate, Holland went on to become the Dean of Jefferson Medical College in 1887https://jdc.jefferson.edu/jeffersonhistorybooks/1007/thumbnail.jp
Changes in the Functional Distribution of Household Income in Washington: A Comparison using 1990 and 2000 PUMS Census Data
This paper examines and details the main sources of household income in Washington using the Census of Population PUMS microsample. In accord with the generally good economy in the 1990âs, the share of property type income in total household income increased from 1990 to 2000. And with welfare reform in the mid-1990âs the share of public assistance type income decreased as a share of household income. In order to better understand the relative importance of alternative sources of income to Washington households, each household was identified according to the income source which provided the largest contribution to household income. For example, a household whose largest source of income comes from salary and wages was identified as a Labor household. Similarly, households whose largest source of income was interest, dividends or net rentals were identified as Capital households. Labor and capital households are not very different in terms of mean household income. In 2000, average household income of Labor households was 96,200. However, Labor households were very different than Capital household regarding diversification of income source. Labor households depended upon wage income for 92 percent of mean household income. Capital households obtained 70 percent of their mean household income from interest, dividends and rents, but also had 11 percent of their mean income from wages and 15 percent of their mean income from social security and pensions.Sources of household income in washington, labor's share of income, capital's share of income
Measuring the Economic Impact of Agricultural Policies in Metro and Non-Metro Regions in Washington: A Regional General Equilibrium Approach
WA regional CGE model for the state of Washington was used to examine the economic impacts from increasing export demand in different agricultural industries and manufacturing. We developed a procedure to modify a state level IMPLAN based CGE model to include 4 household groups designated by geographic location (metro or non-metro) and type of household (farm or non-farm). We also disaggregated the single labor category from IMPLAN into 6 distinct labor groups comprised of like-skill occupations. Our grouping of households by geography and type verifies that economic impacts from agricultural export shocks, are not evenly distributed. Our results demonstrate that wages paid by the agriculture industry tend to benefit farm households more, and non-metro farm households the most. Welfare effects are also greatest for farm households in terms of equivalent variation. However, even metro non-farm households also receive positive welfare change through spillover effects in the form of increased returns to labor and capital captured by these households.agricultural exports, equivalent variation, welfare changes on metro and nonmetro households
Samuel Holland: From Gunner and Sapper to Surveyor-General 1755-1764
The British Army engaged, in 1755, the young Dutch officer, Samuel Holland (whose patron was already the Third Duke of Richmond), to serve in North America as an artillery and engineering subaltern. Following many monthsâ service directly under the field commander, Holland became deeply involved in the siege of Louisbourg (1758) as the engineering assistant to James Wolfe. The latter warmly commended Holland to Richmond for his superior efficiency and his bravery under constantly heavy enemy fire. After the siege, Holland drew an accurate plan of the fortified port, illustrating the steps of the siege-attack and defence. He became busy in 1758 and 1759 in the preparation of the British attack on Quebec, during which he met the famous British navigator, James Cook, with whom he exchanged expertise. At the siege of Quebec he continued to serve Wolfe until the latterâs death in the battle of September 1759. From then until 1762 Holland served James Murray, first as part of a team of engineers participating in the defence of Quebec against a French siege, during which he was named acting chief engineer in place of a wounded officer and eventually confined in the city with the rest of the garrison until the siege was raised by the Royal Navy. Thereafter, under Murrayâs command, Hollandâs main achievement was his part in the surveying and mapping of the St. Lawrence valley, leading to the production of the âMurray Mapâ, an immense contribution to eighteenth-century cartography. Murray vehemently held, in the face of claims by officers of the Royal Engineers, that Samuel Holland deserved the most credit for the success and high quality of the product.
During the Seven Years War, Holland had been promoted Captain. Excluded from the Royal Engineers, he was therefor quite independent of the bureaucracy of that corps when in 1763 he sought-in new American colonies ceded by France-an appointment in surveying and cartography.
As a guest in the London house of the Duke of Richmond he had the opportunity of meeting influential politicians, where the recognition by Wolfe and Murray of the high quality of his professional competence finally led the British government to appoint him Surveyor General in North America
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Asymmetrical Multi-User Co-operative Whole Body Interaction in Abstract Domains
John White\u27s Drawings of Papilio Glaucus L. (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae): New Light on the \u27First American Butterfly\u27 and the Problem of Glaucus Versus Antilochus L. Part I: White to Moffet
All American lepidopterists are familiar with the first picture of an American butterfly. William J. Holland\u27s account of one of John White\u27s watercolors of Papilio glaucus L. first appeared as a separate article (Holland, 1929), and was later adapted for the second edition of his immensely popular The Butterfly Book (Holland, 1931). Sub sequent research has added many facts to our knowledge of White\u27s life, and much more can now be said about his paintings and later use of them. A reappraisal of the first identifiable record of a North American butterfly is now possible, and, more important to taxonomists, evidence can be provided to support a decision upon the suggestion of F. Martin Brown (1968) that the name of the yellow form of Papilio glaucus should be antilochus L
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