ISOLASI GLUKOMANAN DARI DUA JENIS ARACEAE: TALAS {Colocasia Esculenta (L.) Schott} DAN Iles-iles (Amorphophallus Campanulatus Blumei) [Isolation of Glucomannan From Two Species of Araceae: Talas {Colocasia Esculenta (L.) Schott} and Iles-iles {Amorphophallu

Talas {Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott} and Iles-iles (Amorphophalus campanulatus Blumei) have been used as source of carbohydrate especially in tropical regions, mainly in East Indonesia. Talas and iles-iles, that contains carbohydrate and several substances for instance glucomannan would form viscous liquid and were used as emulgator, capsule cosmetics and dietary.The research was conducted to separate glucomannan from starch of talas and iles-iles fresh and dry (powder).The methods base on speed of revolution (centrifuge) in 5000 to 19000 rpm and the duration of rotation was 10 to 40 minutes and the filtrate was precipitated by using several alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol and isobutanol). The results showed that speed of rotation 17 x 1000 rpm with 10 minutes rotation resulted in good glucomannan separation from starch.Ethanol and isopropanol were the best solvent to separate glucomanan from dissolved starch in the filtrate with ratio 2 : 3 and for dry material, and the maximal agitation reached after 2 hours. Glucomannan content on fresh material was higher than as in talas (4.08 %) and iles-iles (5.64 %), compared to these in powder (dried) of talas (3.87 %) and iles-iles (5.41 %). The purerity of isolated glucomannan was higher compared to control

Antioxidant Screening Activity Of Several Indonesian Medicinal Plants Using 2,2-difenil 1-1 Picrylhidrazyl(dpph)

Antioxidant is a compound useful to prevent oxidative damage generated by free radical in human body, thus protecting body from many diseases. The aim of this research is to investigate antioxidant activity of some Indonesian medicinal plants. A total of 37 methanolic extracts of Indonesian plants have been screened for their antioxidant activity by in vitro method using the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Vitamin C was used as positive control. Of the samples investigated, 29 exhibited radical scavenging properties more than 50% at 1000 ppm. Five extracts exhibited high activities i.e. bark extracts of Sapium baccatum and Leucosyke capitellata, leaves extracts of Ardisia crispa, Glochidion cauliflorum, and Glochidion superbum

Efek Ekstrak Air Dan Alkohol Pada Siwak (Salvadora Persica L.) Terhadap Peningkatan Aktivitas Dan Kapasitas Fagositosis Sel Makrofag

Siwak (Salvadora persica L.) adalah sejenis tumbuhan yang (terdapat dalam Al-Qur'an, Surah 34:16) ranting dan akarnya digunakan sebagai sikat gigi. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan uji imunomodulator dari ekstrak air dan alkohol ranting siwak dengan melihat peningkatan aktivitas/spesific phogositosis activity (SPA) dan Kapasitas/index phagositosis (IP) sel makrofag peritonium mencit (Mus musculus) yang diinduksi dengan bakteri Stahylococcus epidermidis. Masing-masing ekstrak diberikan dengan variasi dosis (0.1 μg - 1000 μg), dan ekstrak Echinae (1000 μg), air suling yang digunakan sebagai kontrol positif dan negatif. Hasil skrining aktivitas fagositosis (SPA) dan kapasitas fagositosis (IP) ekstrak air dan alkohol terhadap bakteri S. epidermidis dengan variasi dosis logaritma perlakuan 0.1 – 1000 μg menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang cukup signifikan dari jumlah bakteri yang difagositosis oleh sel makrofag dibandingkan kontrol (-)(>50%). Hampir semua ekstrak siwak yang diuji memperlihatkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan SPA dan IP berturut-turut 62 – 95% dan IP 625 – 955. Peningkatan dosis yang diberikan berbanding lurus dengan peningkatan SPA dan IP. Ekstrak alkohol yang memberikan SPA dan IP yang lebih baik dibandingkan ekstrak air. Semua ekstrak yang diujikan pada konsentrasi 1000 μg memberikan peningkatan SPA dan IP ekstrak air mempunyai kenaikan berturut-turut 57.7 dan 76.1%, sedangkan ekstrak alkohol 82,7 dan 90,2% dibandingkan kontrol (-). SPA dan IP yang diperlihatkan oleh bahan uji pada pemberian dosis 0 – 100 µg memberikan efek imunostimulan, sedangkan pada dosis tinggi 100- 1000 µg cenderung memberikan efek imunorestorasi terutama ekstrak airnya. Analisis statistic memberikan perbedaan SPA dan IP yang signifikan antara dosis perlakuan

Perbandingan Komponen Kimia Penyusun Minyak Atsiri Sirih Liar {Piper Ornatum) Yang Berasal Dari Sulawesi Selatan Dan Pulau Seram Dengan Sirih Bias a (Piper Betle)

Comparison study on the chemical components of P. ornatum (Piperaceae) volatile oil, collected from Enrekang (South Celebes)and Sepa Village (Ceram Island, Moluccas) had been carried out by water distillation and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Those plants had exotic performance. The sample from South Celebes had original red color leaves and strong aromatic smell, but one from Ceram Island has green color leaves and weak aromatic smell. The results showed that volatile oil content of P. ornatum from Enrekang has higher than Sepa Village (0.94% and 0.81%), while the volatile oil of common piper (P.betle) was around 0.9-1.2%. GC-MS analysis determined that volatile oil of P. ornatum had 22 chemical components. Both volatile oil indicated similar peak fragmentation, in different intensities. The major component of P. betle and P. ornatum was caryophyllene i.e. 30.01% in the red leaf, 29.41% in the green leaf and 31.05% in P. betle. Some of minor components of P.ornatum were different, from P. betle

Pengaruh Variasi PH dan Waktu pada Pembuatan Bioetanol dari Sari Kulit Nanas dengan Menggunakan Zymomonas Mobilis

Bioethanol is an alternative energy source that has enough potential to replace fossil fuels. Bioethanol can be produced by fermentation of carbohydrate crops . One of the raw materials that can be used is a pineapple peel. Because today is still a waste of pineapple peel untapped. In pineapple peel contained 13.6 % reducing sugar , so as to have good potential to be processed into bioethanol . One way of making bioethanol is by microbial fermentation using Zymomonas mobilis . The fermentation process is influenced by several factors, including pH and time . This study was conducted to determine the optimum pH and time at fermentation process for bioethanol production from pineapple peel juice. The study was conducted by varying the pH of 4.5, 5.0, 5.5 and 6.0 with fermentation time 14 , 23 , 39 , 47 , 65 , and 71 hours using Zymomonas mobilis microbes . Bioethanol yield analysis using a gas chromatograph (GC). The result is the highest ethanol yield was 3.01% at pH 4.5 and fermentation time of 65 hours