The generation of dual wavelength pulse fiber laser using fiber bragg grating

A stable simple generation of dual wavelength pulse fiber laser on experimental method is proposed and demonstrated by using Figure eight circuit diagram. The generation of dual wavelength pulse fiber laser was proposed using fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) with two different central wavelengths which are 1550 nm and 1560 nm. At 600 mA (27.78 dBm) of laser diode, the stability of dual wavelength pulse fiber laser appears on 1550 nm and 1560 nm with the respective peak powers of -54.03 dBm and -58.00 dBm. The wavelength spacing of the spectrum is about 10 nm while the signal noise to ratio (SNR) for both peaks are about 8.23 dBm and 9.67 dBm. In addition, the repetition rate is 2.878 MHz with corresponding pulse spacing of about 0.5 μs, is recorded

Isotropic Luminosity Indicators in a Complete AGN Sample

The [O IV] 25.89 micron line has been shown to be an accurate indicator of active galactic nucleus (AGN) intrinsic luminosity in that it correlates well with hard (10-200 keV) X-ray emission. We present measurements of [O IV] for 89 Seyfert galaxies from the unbiased Revised Shapley-Ames (RSA) sample. The [O IV] luminosity distributions of obscured and unobscured Seyferts are indistinguishable, indicating that their intrinsic AGN luminosities are quite similar and that the RSA sample is well suited for tests of the unified model. In addition, we analyze several commonly used proxies for AGN luminosity, including [O III] 5007 A, 6 cm radio, and 2-10 keV X-ray emission. We find that the radio luminosity distributions of obscured and unobscured AGNs show no significant difference, indicating that radio luminosity is a useful isotropic luminosity indicator. However, the observed [O III] and 2-10 keV luminosities are systematically smaller for obscured Seyferts, indicating that they are not emitted isotropically.Comment: Updated to match version published in ApJ. 9 pages, 4 figure

Becoming American: The Hmong American Experience

Hmong Americans, who came from a pre-literate society and rural background, went through many acculturation barriers and have had many successes between the time they first arrived in 1975 and the year 2000. Their first decade was preoccupied with their struggle to overcome cultural shock and acculturation difficulties. The second decade is their turning point to be new Americans, beginning to run for political office, establish business enterprises, achieve in education, and reduce their high rate of unemployment and welfare participation. Hmong Americans in 2000 appeared to have achieved much, yet have some serious challenges still ahead

Scaling behavior of an artificial traffic model on scale-free networks

In this article, we investigate an artificial traffic model on scale-free networks. Instead of using the routing strategy of the shortest path, a generalized routing algorithm is introduced to improve the transportation throughput, which is measured by the value of the critical point disjoining the free-flow phase and the congested phase. By using the detrended fluctuation analysis, we found that the traffic rate fluctuation near the critical point exhibits the $1/f$-type scaling in the power spectrum. The simulation results agree very well with the empirical data, thus the present model may contribute to the understanding of the underlying mechanism of network traffics.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Pembentukan Portofolio Saham Dengan Model Indeks Tunggal (Suatu Studi Pada Perusahaan Perkebunan Yang Listed Di PT Bursa Efek Indonesia)

Capital market in Indonesia has grown rapidly since 1989, after the government issuedvarious deregulation to spur the growth of the capital market. Individual investors in theequity investment must try to obtain optimal return and reduce risk. Regarding on thepurpose, this research used a single index models found by Sharpeto form a stock portfolio.The problem in this research is how to do stock selection in the plantation sector in order toestablish optimal stock portfolio with single index model and how much the proportion offunds to be allocated to the portfolio? The research objective is to determine whichplantation stocks will form a stock portfolio and how many percentage the allocation offunds to each stock. The research was descriptive form, using secondary data. The data used in this study is quantitative data that individual stock price index, the stock price index and the rate of Bank Indonesia (BI Rate). From the calculation, there are six stocks will establish the optimal stock portfolio. They are PT Smart, Tbk., PTPP London Sumatra Indonesia, Tbk., PT Tunas Baru Lampung, Tbk., PT Sampoerna Agro, Tbk., PT Gozco Plantations, Tbk. and PT Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk. The allocation of funds will be invested by the investor, it is obtained the biggest investment will be invested in stock of PTPP London Sumatra Indonesia, Tbk. amounted to 31.32%, PT Tunas Baru Lampung, Tbk. amounted to 20.20%, PT Sampoerna Agro, Tbk. amounted to 16.59%, PT Smart, Tbk. amounted to 12.09%, PT Gozco Plantations, Tbk. 10.71% and the smallest investment amounted to 9.08%. in stock of PT Astra Agro Lestari, Tbk