3 research outputs found
The Tobacco Epidemic in South-East Europe: Consequences and Policy Responses. Health, Nutrition and Population Discussion Paper
Smoking is the single largest cause of
premature mortality in the developed world. Obtaining
accurate estimates of smoking's impacts in south east
Europe (SEE) is hindered by the lack of accurate data.. None
of the countries of the region yet conduct regular national
surveys of adult smoking prevalence and some have no recent
nationally representative data available. The very high
rates among medical personnel are cause for concern. Youth
smoking surveys are now conducted in most countries as part
of international projects and show rates broadly similar to
the EU. The collapse of communism and the end of the
conflicts in the 1990s has led to major changes in the
region's tobacco industry. The previously state-owned
tobacco monopolies have either undergone or are undergoing
privatization and the transnational tobacco companies have
been increasingly active both in importing their cigarettes
to, and investing in, the region. These changes can be
expected to increase competition in the tobacco industry
which will in turn drive down prices and increase
advertising, thereby stimulating consumption. The available
statistics, combined with the changes to the region's
tobacco industry, suggest that the health impacts of tobacco
in SEE will continue to worsen over coming years
A resource-based view of the firm : integrating the role of IT as a strategic resource - an empirical study of South African personal financial services (Assurance) firms, 1999-2003
Includes bibliographical references (p. 502-531).This research explores an "inside the black box" view on how IT enables sustainable competitive advantage. Most researchers have investigated IT competitive competencies that make up a firm's strategic framework to understand competitive advantage. However, Resource-Based Theory (RBT) probes into the inner workings of a firm, suggesting that a firm's IT assets and resources are the basis of a firm's "rare" core competencies to compete successfully. Using RBT and research in the economics, strategy, and IT literatures, an initial "Framework of Sustainability" was created, against which the case studies were conducted. This framework was used as foundation to develop semi-structured questionnaires in which 45, 90 minute (on average) interviews were conducted with managers in the four firms. Both internal and external documents about the firms and the industry were used as sources of corroborating evidence. In addition, a "bottoms up" view was obtained with evidence gathered from a short questionnaire and focus groups discussions held with 178 staff employees in the four firms