1,233,580 research outputs found
"The Way in which an Experiment is Conducted is Unbelievably Important": On the Experimentation Practices of Economists and Psychologists
To discuss experimental results without discussing how they came about makes sense when the results are robust to the way experiments are conducted. Experimental results, however, are â arguably more often than not â sensitive to numerous design and implementation characteristics such as the use of financial incentives, deception, and the way information is presented. To the extent that economists and psychologists have different experimental practices, this claim is of obvious practical and interpretative relevance. In light of the empirical results summarized below, it seems warranted to say that it does not make sense to report experimental results without reporting the design and implementation choices that were made.Duhem-Quine problem, experimental design, experimental implementation, financial incentives, deception
WHICH WAY IS NIGERIA HEADING? THE POST-COLONIAL POLITICAL SYSTEM AND DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES
This article explores development challenges in Nigeria through a qualitative methodological approach. In explaining the challenges pitting Nigerian economy and development, the objectives adopt modernization and dependency theories for analysis. The information gathered from the field suggests that there is the need for the blend of the Nigerian pre-colonial traditional systems with the post-colonial political system in addressing developmental issues. An overhaul of the existing political systems to accommodate Nigerian traditional and democratic punitive measures in addressing the country developmental challenges is prescribed. The ingenuity in pre-colonial traditional system cannot be overemphasized hence, the paper concludes that, for Nigeria to achieve the status quo of developed nations, a lot of works and review needs to be done internally in the Nigerian political systems and institutional structures to eschew the external forces and pressures causing backwardness in our political and economy development in Nigeria.  
The Law of Political Economy: An Introduction
The law of political economy is a contentious ideological field characterised by antagonistic relations between scholarly positions which tend to be either affirmative or critical of capitalism. Going beyond this schism, two particular features appear as central to the law of political economy: the first one is the way it epistemologically seeks to handle the distinction between holism and differentiation, i.e., the extent to which it sees society as a singular whole which is larger than its parts, or, rather, as a mere collection of parts. Different types of legal and political economy scholarship have given different types of answers to this question. The second feature of the law of political economy is the way in which it conceives of the relation between hierarchical and spontaneous dimensions of society, i.e., between firms and the market, or between public institutions and public opinion. The two distinctions can, however, be overcome through a third-way, emphasising the strategic role of law in mediating between holism and differentiation and hierarchy and spontaneity. This is demonstrated through a historical re-construction of the evolution of corporatist, neo-corporatist, and governance-based institutional set-ups of political economy
Locally Cold Flows from Large-Scale Structure
We show that the "cold" Hubble flow observed for galaxies around the Milky
Way does not represent a problem in cosmology but is due to the particular
geometry and dynamics of our local wall. The behavior of the perturbed Hubble
flow around the Milky Way is the result of two main factors: at small scales (R
< 1 Mpc) the inflow is dominated by the gravitational influence of the Milky
Way. At large scales (R > 1 Mpc) the out flow reflects the expansion of our
local wall which "cools down" the peculiar velocities. This is an intrinsic
property of walls and is independent of cosmology. We find the dispersion of
the local Hubble flow (1 < R < 3 Mpc) around simulated "Milky Way" haloes
located at the centre of low-density cosmological walls to be {\sigma}_H ~ 30
km/s, in excellent agreement with observations. The expansion of our local wall
is also reflected in the value of the measured local Hubble constant. For
"Milky Way" haloes inside walls, we find super-Hubble flows with h_local \simeq
0.77 - 1.13. The radius of equilibrium (R_0) depends not only on the mass of
the central halo and the Hubble expansion but also on the dynamics given by the
local LSS geometry. The super-Hubble flow inside our local wall has the effect
of reducing the radius at which the local expansion balances the gravitational
influence of the Milky Way. By ignoring the dynamical effect of the local wall,
the mass of the Milky Way estimated from R_0 can be underestimated by as much
as ~ 30%.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, Submitted to MNRA
The Measurement Calculus
Measurement-based quantum computation has emerged from the physics community
as a new approach to quantum computation where the notion of measurement is the
main driving force of computation. This is in contrast with the more
traditional circuit model which is based on unitary operations. Among
measurement-based quantum computation methods, the recently introduced one-way
quantum computer stands out as fundamental.
We develop a rigorous mathematical model underlying the one-way quantum
computer and present a concrete syntax and operational semantics for programs,
which we call patterns, and an algebra of these patterns derived from a
denotational semantics. More importantly, we present a calculus for reasoning
locally and compositionally about these patterns.
We present a rewrite theory and prove a general standardization theorem which
allows all patterns to be put in a semantically equivalent standard form.
Standardization has far-reaching consequences: a new physical architecture
based on performing all the entanglement in the beginning, parallelization by
exposing the dependency structure of measurements and expressiveness theorems.
Furthermore we formalize several other measurement-based models:
Teleportation, Phase and Pauli models and present compositional embeddings of
them into and from the one-way model. This allows us to transfer all the theory
we develop for the one-way model to these models. This shows that the framework
we have developed has a general impact on measurement-based computation and is
not just particular to the one-way quantum computer.Comment: 46 pages, 2 figures, Replacement of quant-ph/0412135v1, the new
version also include formalization of several other measurement-based models:
Teleportation, Phase and Pauli models and present compositional embeddings of
them into and from the one-way model. To appear in Journal of AC
Conceptualising Social Exclusion: New Rhetoric or Transformative Politics?
The debate on equality and non-discrimination is
certainly not a new one, but the way it is incorporated in
that on social exclusion leads to several shifts within the
discourse on social justice. The term social exclusion is
multidimensional although its western use in a selective
way about markets promoting equality separates it from
the Indian emphasis on social justice as linked to ending
discrimination of dalit groups. The concept of social
exclusion is inherently problematic as it faces three
major challenges in India: the first relates to the historical
discrimination of certain groups and their exclusion; the
second is about the political economy of the excluded;
and the third questions the way in which equality
responses are restricted within the framework of
social exclusio
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