2003 Pollutant Loads Kings River Near Berryville, Arkansas

An automatic sampler and a USGS gauging station were established in 1998 and water quality sampling was begun in 1999 on the Kings River near Berryville, Arkansas. Continuous stage and discharge measurements and frequent water quality sampling have been used to determine pollutant concentrations and loads in the river. This report presents the results from the sampling and analysis for January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2003

2004 Pollutant Loads Kings River Near Berryville, Arkansas

An automatic sampler and a USGS gauging station were established in 1998 and water quality sampling was begun in 1999 on the Kings River near Berryville, Arkansas. Continuous stage and discharge measurements and frequent water quality sampling have been used to determine pollutant concentrations and loads in the river. This report presents the results from the sampling and analysis for January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004

Illinois River 2006, Water Quality Assessment at the Arkansas Highway 59 Bridge

Automatic water sampler and a U. S. Geological Survey gauging station were established in 1995 on the main stem of the Illinois River at the Arkansas Highway 59 Bridge. Since that time, continuous stage and discharge measurements and water quality sampling have been used to determine pollutant concentrations and loads in the Arkansas portion of the Illinois River. This report represents the results from the measurement and sampling by the Arkansas Water Resources Center -Water Quality Lab for January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2006

Illinois River 2004 Pollutant Loads at Arkansas Highway 59 Bridge

Automatic water sampler and a U. S. Geological Survey gauging station were established in 1995 on the main stem of the Illinois River at the Arkansas Highway 59 Bridge. Since that time, continuous stage and discharge measurements and water quality sampling have been used to determine pollutant concentrations and loads in the Arkansas portion of the Illinois River. This report represents the results from the measurement and sampling by the Arkansas Water Resources Center -Water Quality Lab for January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004

Illinois River 2005 Pollutant Loads at Arkansas Highway 59 Bridge

Automatic water sampler and a U. S. Geological Survey gauging station were established in 1995 on the main stem of the Illinois River at the Arkansas Highway 59 Bridge. Since that time, continuous stage and discharge measurements and water quality sampling have been used to determine pollutant concentrations and loads in the Arkansas portion of the Illinois River. This report represents the results from the measurement and sampling by the Arkansas Water Resources Center -Water Quality Lab for January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2005

Horticultural assessment scheme: insight in prevalence and distribution of microbial contamination to evaluate water management in fresh produce processing industry

Title: Horticultural Assessment Scheme: insight in prevalence and distribution of microbial contamination to evaluate water management in fresh produce processing industry. Introduction: Microbial food safety is a global concern. Particularly, fresh produce is increasingly involved in some outbreaks. Many food borne illnesses are related with contamination during the postharvest processing (e.g. washing, chilling). The source and contamination level of the used water is an important issue that influences the degree of contamination at all stages in the chain. Purpose: The purpose is to present the concept of a ‘Horticultural Assessment Scheme’ as systematic approach in sampling and analysis in order to obtain a helicopter view on microbial quality, hygiene and safety level of products and processes in a company. It may help to identify bottlenecks in management of food safety and water. Methods: A Horticultural Assessment Scheme (HAS) is developed to assess the level of microbiological quality of leafy vegetables during postharvest processing. HAS is a procedure that defines the identification of critical sampling locations, the selection of microbiological parameters, the assessment of sampling frequency, the selection of sampling method and method of analysis, and finally data processing and interpretation. Results: The results of the HAS showed that (a) neither Salmonella nor L. monocytogenes were detected in the frame of this sampling plan. It turned out that the (b) total psychrotrophic aerobic count is perceived to be, neither for the fresh produce samples nor for the water or environmental samples, a good indicator of overall microbial quality and good practices during production and processing. And (c) if there is a lack of refilling the water and high product/water ratio’s, a fast build up of E. coli and transfer to the end product occurs. Significance: The results obtained by analysis of hygiene indicator E. coli along with the information obtained on the ratio of the product/water used in the washing baths and frequency of refilling water enabled to evaluate water management in these two companies involved in production of pre-packed cut fresh produce. The companies need to validate their water management and optimize the process to guarantee a proper water quality from the start until the end of the process. However, the difficulty about a proper water management is the lack of guidelines on acceptable microbial contamination in wash water, product/volume ratio and frequency of refilling fresh water to washing baths

Sampling design for compliance monitoring of surface water quality: A case study in a Polder area

International agreements such as the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) ask for efficient sampling methods for monitoring natural resources. In this paper a general methodology for designing efficient, statistically sound monitoring schemes is described. An important decision is the choice between a design-based and a model-based method, implying the choice between probability (random) sampling and purposive sampling. For mapping purposes, model-based methods are more appropriate, whereas to obtain valid results for the universe as a whole, such as in testing water quality standards against legal standards, we generally prefer a design-based method. Four basic sampling patterns in space-time universe are described: static, synchronous, static-synchronous, and rotational. A case study is carried out for monitoring the quality of surface water at two farms in western Netherlands, wherein a synchronous sampling design is applied, with stratified simple random sampling in both space and time. To reduce laboratory costs the aliquots taken at the locations of a given sampling round are bulked to form a composite. To test the spatiotemporal mean N-total concentration during the summer half-year against the MAR standard with a power of 80% at a concentration 15% below the MAR standard and with a confidence of 95%, six to nine sampling rounds are needed with 50 to 75 locations per sampling round. For P-total the required number of sampling rounds differs strongly between the two farms, but is for both farms much larger than for N-total

Using Freshwater Mussels as an Indicator for River Water Quality

Using the freshwater mussel to monitor water quality is a practical and advantageous way to use nature’s indicator species. River water quality is an important measurement that is constantly monitored for many purposes. The sampling involved with monitoring can be very costly and time-consuming. Using mussels as indicator species could save money and time. So, this project has been dedicated to exploring the applications and reality of using freshwater mussels to monitor river quality

Illinois River 2001 Pollutant Loads At Arkansas Highway 59 Bridge

Automatic water samplers and a U. S. Geological Survey gauging station were established in 1995 on the main stem of the Illinois River at the Arkansas Highway 59 Bridge. Since that time, continuous stage and discharge measurements and water quality sampling have been used to determine pollutant concentrations and loads in the Arkansas portion of the Illinois River. This report represents the results from the measurement and sampling for January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2001