Investigation of Methods to Create Future Multimodal Emotional Data for Robot Interactions in Patients with Schizophrenia : A Case Study

Rapid progress in humanoid robot investigations offers possibilities for improving the competencies of people with social disorders, although this improvement of humanoid robots remains unexplored for schizophrenic people. Methods for creating future multimodal emotional data for robot interactions were studied in this case study of a 40-year-old male patient with disorganized schizophrenia without comorbidities. The qualitative data included heart rate variability (HRV), video-audio recordings, and field notes. HRV, Haar cascade classifier (HCC), and Empath API© were evaluated during conversations between the patient and robot. Two expert nurses and one psychiatrist evaluated facial expressions. The research hypothesis questioned whether HRV, HCC, and Empath API© are useful for creating future multimodal emotional data about robot–patient interactions. The HRV analysis showed persistent sympathetic dominance, matching the human–robot conversational situation. The result of HCC was in agreement with that of human observation, in the case of rough consensus. In the case of observed results disagreed upon by experts, the HCC result was also different. However, emotional assessments by experts using Empath API© were also found to be inconsistent. We believe that with further investigation, a clearer identification of methods for multimodal emotional data for robot interactions can be achieved for patients with schizophrenia

Trace element composition of iron oxides from IOCG and IOA deposits : relationship to hydrothermal alteration and deposit subtypes

Trace element compositions of magnetite and hematite from 16 well-studied iron oxide–copper–gold (IOCG) and iron oxide apatite (IOA) deposits, combined with partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), were used to investigate the factors controlling the iron oxide chemistry and the links between the chemical composition of iron oxides and hydrothermal processes, as divided by alteration types and IOCG and IOA deposit subtypes. Chemical compositions of iron oxides are controlled by oxygen fugacity, temperature, co-precipitating sulfides, and host rocks. Iron oxides from hematite IOCG deposits show relatively high Nb, Cu, Mo, W, and Sn contents, and can be discriminated from those from magnetite + hematite and magnetite IOA deposits. Magnetite IOCG deposits show a compositional diversity and overlap with the three other types, which may be due to the incremental development of high-temperature Ca–Fe and K–Fe alteration. Iron oxides from the high-temperature Ca–Fe alteration can be discriminated from those from high- and low-temperature K–Fe alteration by higher Mg and V contents. Iron oxides from low-temperature K–Fe alteration can be discriminated from those from high-temperature K–Fe alteration by higher Si, Ca, Zr, W, Nb, and Mo contents. Iron oxides from IOA deposits can be discriminated from those from IOCG deposits by higher Mg, Ti, V, Pb, and Sc contents. The composition of IOCG and IOA iron oxides can be discriminated from those from porphyry Cu, Ni–Cu, and volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits

A Systematic Literature Review of Digital Game-based Assessment Empirical Studies: Current Trends and Open Challenges

Technology has become an essential part of our everyday life, and its use in educational environments keeps growing. In addition, games are one of the most popular activities across cultures and ages, and there is ample evidence that supports the benefits of using games for assessment. This field is commonly known as game-based assessment (GBA), which refers to the use of games to assess learners' competencies, skills, or knowledge. This paper analyzes the current status of the GBA field by performing the first systematic literature review on empirical GBA studies, based on 66 research papers that used digital GBAs to determine: (1) the context where the study has been applied, (2) the primary purpose, (3) the knowledge domain of the game used, (4) game/tool availability, (5) the size of the data sample, (6) the data science techniques and algorithms applied, (7) the targeted stakeholders of the study, and (8) what limitations and challenges are reported by authors. Based on the categories established and our analysis, the findings suggest that GBAs are mainly used in formal education and for assessment purposes, and most GBAs focus on assessing STEM content and cognitive skills. Furthermore, the current limitations indicate that future GBA research would benefit from the use of bigger data samples and more specialized algorithms. Based on our results, we discuss the status of the field with the current trends and the open challenges (including replication and validation problems) providing recommendations for the future research agenda of the GBA field.Comment: 23 pages, 12 figures, 1 tabl

Generative agent-based architectural design computation : behavioral strategies for integrating material, fabrication and construction characteristics in design processes

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the generative potential of agent-based systems for integrating material and fabrication characteristics into design processes. This generative agent-based system reflects the significance of behavioral strategies in computational design and construction. This work presents a generative behavioral approach for integrating fabrication processes with material specifications. The development of a computational framework facilitates this integration via an agent-based system. A series of experiments with related case studies emphasizes behavioral strategies within the processes of formation and materialization. This research proposes the integration of material and fabrication processes through an agent-based system. The utilization of this system reflects a theoretical framework in developing an integrative computational method. The implementation of this theoretical framework in practical studies demonstrates the applicability of this research. The practical developments highlight the importance of behavioral strategies to establish integral design computation. Chapter 1 introduces the extended behavioral strategies to integration design. Chapter 2 provides a study about integrative design computation to abstract the main drivers of design integration through agent-based modeling. Chapter 3 presents agent-based systems in architectural design, specifically, in regards to material, fabricational, and environmental principles. Chapter 4 explores experiments and case studies to adjust the development of a generative agent-based system for integrating material and fabrication characteristics in design processes. Chapter 5 explains procedures for setting-up a generative agent-based design computation. Chapter 6 discusses the significance of behavioral strategies to develop different behavioral layers within a generative agent-based architectural design. Chapter 7 concludes the integral behavioral strategies by proposing trends to minimize the gap between formation and materialization through coalescing computational and physical agent-based systems.Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die generativen Potentiale von Agenten-basierten Systemen zur Integration von Material- und Fertigungseigenschaften im Entwurfsprozess zu untersuchen. Diese generative, Agenten-basierten Systeme spiegeln die Bedeutung von Regel- und Verhaltens-basierten Strategien für das digitale Entwerfen, Planen und Konstruieren wider. Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit stellt einen generativen Ansatz zur Integration der Charakteristika von Material und Fertigung dar. Dies erfolgt über die Entwicklung einer digitalen Methode, die die Integration in ein Agent-basiertes System ermöglicht, was an einer Reihe von Experimenten und Fallstudien und der dazugehörigen Verhaltensstrategien für die Formgenerierung und Materialisierung erprobt wurde. Das operative Potential des theoretischen Rahmens wird in diesen praktischen Studien demonstriert und belegt die Anwendbarkeit der Forschung. Die theoretischen und praktischen Entwicklungen zeigen die Bedeutung von Verhaltensstrategien für das architektonische Entwerfen und einen ganzheitlichen digitalen Gestaltungs- und Bildungsprozess

Abnormal emotional experience in schizophrenia

Ambivalence is defined as the state of simultaneously experiencing antithetical emotions towards a single attitude object (Bleuler, 1911/1950). Recent studies have evidenced ambivalence as a prominent aspect of schizophrenia patients’ in-the-moment emotional experiences (Cohen & Minor, 2010; Trémeau et al., 2009). The present study extended this line of work through the use of an experimental mood-induction methodology to explore the amount, frequency, and average duration of univalent positive, negative, and ambivalent emotional episodes within individuals with schizophrenia and those without psychiatric disturbance. The results indicate that, when exposed to a film clip stimulus selected for its documented (Larsen & McGraw, 2011) capacity to induce ambivalent emotions, individuals with and without schizophrenia do not reliably differ in any measured dimension of univalent or ambivalent emotional experience. Potential explanations for observed inconsistencies in the schizophrenia emotional experience literature are reviewed and study limitations as well as directions for future research are discussed

Graph Transformation in Molecular Biology

In the beginning, one of the main fields of application of graph transformation was biology, and more specifically morphology. Later, however, it was like if the biological applications had been left aside by the graph transformation community, just to be moved back into the mainstream these very last years with a new interest in molecular biology. In this paper, we review several fields of application of graph grammars in molecular biology, including: the modeling higherdimensional structures of biomolecules, the description of biochemical reactions, the analysis of metabolic pathways, and their potential use in computational systems biology

The Language of Life

This paper explores the idea that life comprises a language-like system. The arguments are carried out against the background of the neo-Darwinian theory of evolution. The principal conclusion is the dilemma that if life is a language-like system, then certain concepts are missing from the Darwinian paradigm; if not, then Darwinian thought is suspicious in the sense that its principles do not naturally apply to cognate disciplines