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Event-Driven Simulation Methodology for Analog/Mixed-Signal Systems
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Όλ¬Έ (λ°μ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : μ κΈ°Β·μ»΄ν¨ν°κ³΅νλΆ, 2015. 8. κΉμ¬ν.Recent system-on-chip's (SoCs) are composed of tightly coupled analog and digital components. The resulting mixed-signal systems call for efficient system-level behavioral simulators for fast and systematic verifications. As the system-level verifications rely heavily on digital verification tools, it is desirable to build the mixed-signal simulator based on a digital simulator. However, the existing solutions in digital simulators suffer from a trade-off between simulation speed and accuracy. This work breaks down the trade-off and realizes a fast and accurate analog/mixed-signal behavior simulation in a digital simulator SystemVerilog.
The main difference of the proposed methodology from existing ones is its way of representing continuous-time signals. Specifically, a clock signal expresses accurate timing information by carrying an additional real-value time offset, and an analog signal represents its continuous-time waveform in a functional form by employing a set of coefficients. With these signal representations, the proposed method accurately simulates mixed-signal behaviors independently of a simulator's time-step and achieves a purely event-driven simulation without involving any numerical iteration.
The speed and accuracy of the proposed methodology are examined for various types of analog/mixed-signal systems. First, timing-sensitive circuits (a phase-locked loops and a clock and data recovery loop) and linear analog circuits (a channel and linear equalizers) are simulated in a high-speed I/O interface example. Second, a switched-linear-behavior simulation is demonstrated through switching power supplies, such as a boost converter and a switched-capacitor converter. Additionally, the proposed method is applied to weakly nonlinear behaviors modeled with a Volterra series for an RF power amplifier and a high-speed I/O linear equalizer. Furthermore, the nonlinear behavior simulation is extended to three different types of injection-locked oscillators exhibiting time-varying nonlinear behaviors. The experimental results show that the proposed simulation methodology achieved tens to hundreds of speed-ups while maintaining the same accuracy as commercial analog simulators.ABSTRACT I
CONTENTS III
LIST OF FIGURES V
LIST OF TABLES XII
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 BACKGROUND 1
1.2 MAIN CONTRIBUTION 6
1.3 THESIS ORGANIZATION 8
CHAPTER 2 EVENT-DRIVEN SIMULATION OF ANALOG/MIXED-SIGNAL BEHAVIORS 9
2.1 PROPOSED CLOCK AND ANALOG SIGNAL REPRESENTATIONS 10
2.2 SIGNAL TYPE DEFINITIONS IN SYSTEMVERILOG 14
2.3 EVENT-DRIVEN SIMULATION METHODOLOGY 16
CHAPTER 3 HIGH-SPEED I/O INTERFACE SIMULATION 21
3.1 CHARGE-PUMP PHASE-LOCKED LOOP 23
3.2 BANGBANG CLOCK AND DATA RECOVERY 37
3.3 CHANNEL AND EQUALIZERS 45
3.4 HIGH-SPEED I/O SYSTEM SIMULATION 52
CHAPTER 4 SWITCHING POWER SUPPLY SIMULATION 55
4.1 BOOST CONVERTER 57
4.2 TIME-INTERLEAVED SWITCHED-CAPACITOR CONVERTER 66
CHAPTER 5 VOLTERRA SERIES MODEL SIMULATION 72
5.1 VOLTERRA SERIES MODEL 74
5.2 CLASS-A POWER AMPLIFIER 79
5.3 CONTINUOUS-TIME EQUALIZER 84
CHAPTER 6 INJECTION-LOCKED OSCILLATOR SIMULATION 89
6.1 PPV-BASED ILO MODEL 91
6.2 LC OSCILLATOR 99
6.3 RING OSCILLATOR 104
6.4 BURST-MODE CLOCK AND DATA RECOVERY 109
CONCLUSION 116
BIBLIOGRAPHY 118
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