US Army Weapon Systems Human-Computer Interface (WSHCI) style guide, Version 1

A stated goal of the U.S. Army has been the standardization of the human computer interfaces (HCIS) of its system. Some of the tools being used to accomplish this standardization are HCI design guidelines and style guides. Currently, the Army is employing a number of style guides. While these style guides provide good guidance for the command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence (C4I) domain, they do not necessarily represent the more unique requirements of the Army`s real time and near-real time (RT/NRT) weapon systems. The Office of the Director of Information for Command, Control, Communications, and Computers (DISC4), in conjunction with the Weapon Systems Technical Architecture Working Group (WSTAWG), recognized this need as part of their activities to revise the Army Technical Architecture (ATA). To address this need, DISC4 tasked the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to develop an Army weapon systems unique HCI style guide. This document, the U.S. Army Weapon Systems Human-Computer Interface (WSHCI) Style Guide, represents the first version of that style guide. The purpose of this document is to provide HCI design guidance for RT/NRT Army systems across the weapon systems domains of ground, aviation, missile, and soldier systems. Each domain should customize and extend this guidance by developing their domain-specific style guides, which will be used to guide the development of future systems within their domains

A requirements engineering approach for the development of web applications

Uno de los problemas más importantes que se propuso solucionar cuando apareció la Ingeniería Web fue la carencia de técnicas para la especificación de requisitos de aplicaciones Web. Aunque se han presentado diversas propuestas que proporcionan soporte metodológico al desarrollo de aplicaciones Web, la mayoría de ellas se centran básicamente en definir modelos conceptuales que permiten representar de forma abstracta una aplicación Web; las actividades relacionadas con la especificación de requisitos son vagamente tratadas por estas propuestas. Además, las técnicas tradicionales para la especificación de requisitos no proporcionan un soporte adecuado para considerar características propias de las aplicaciones Web como la Navegación. En esta tesis, se presenta una aproximación de Ingeniería de Requisitos para especificar los requisitos de las aplicaciones Web. Esta aproximación incluye mecanismos basados en la metáfora de tarea para especificar no sólo los requisitos relacionados con aspectos estructurales y de comportamiento de una aplicación Web sino también los requisitos relacionados con aspectos navegacionales. Sin embargo, una especificación de requisitos es poco útil si no somos capaces de transformarla en los artefactos software adecuados. Este es un problema clásico que la comunidad de Ingeniería del Software ha tratado de resolver desde sus inicios: cómo pasar del espacio del problema (requisitos de usuario) al espacio de la solución (diseño e implementación) siguiendo una guía metodológica clara y precisa. En esta tesis, se presenta una estrategia que, basándose en transformaciones de grafos, y estando soportada por un conjunto de herramientas, nos permite realizar de forma automática transformaciones entre especificaciones de requisitos basadas en tareas y esquemas conceptuales Web. Además, esta estrategia se ha integrado con un método de Ingeniería Web con capacidades de generación automática de código. Esta integración nos permite proporcionar un mecanisValderas Aranda, PJ. (2008). A requirements engineering approach for the development of web applications [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/1997Palanci

Encouraging eco-driving: the case for vibrotactile information presented through the accelerator pedal

different methods of in-vehicle information presentation to encourage fuel efficient driving behaviours, and to explore the theoretical justifications for the use of in-vehicle haptic stimuli (related to the sense of touch), presented at the site of control (i.e., the accelerator pedal). A review of the literature concerning design, behaviour, and energy use led on to an exploration of Ecological Interface Design, and the Skills, Rules, and Knowledge (SRK) taxonomy of human behaviour, particularly with regard to haptic information presented through the accelerator pedal. Survey and on-road studies served to shed light on the practice of eco-driving more generally, in terms of attitudes, knowledge, behaviour, and cognition. Then followed an analysis of expert eco-drivers’ decision-making processes. This made use of the decision ladder, an analysis tool rooted in the SRK framework. Results of the analysis went on to inform the design of an in-vehicle information system that aimed to support optimum use of the accelerator pedal, both for efficient accelerations, and for maximisation of the coasting phase of the vehicle when approaching deceleration events. A simulator-based experiment served to assess the effects of presenting stimuli in different sensory modes (visual, auditory, vibrotactile), resulting in the conclusion that vibrotactile feedback, being both effective and well received by participants, is indeed suitable for the support of eco-driving. In a second simulator-based study, coasting support provided the sole focus; acceleration behaviours were not investigated. Results suggested that there is a minimum distance away from an event below which stimuli encouraging removal of the foot from the accelerator pedal (in order to coast down to the desired speed)have neither a beneficial effect on driving performance, nor attract positive acceptance ratings from users. Moreover, stimuli presented farther from the event supported greater benefits in terms of efficiency. Overall findings are discussed with regard to the practical aspect of how best to support eco-driving in the private road vehicle, and in relation to the theoretical justifications for accelerator-based haptic feedback in the vehicle