Exploring the relationship between travel pattern and social-demographics using smart card data and household survey

Understanding social-demographics of passengers in public transit systems is significant for transportation operators and city planners in many real applications, such as forecasting travel demand and providing personalised transportation service. This paper develops an entire framework to analyse the relationship between passengers’ movement patterns and social-demographics by using smart card (SC) data with a household survey. The study first extracts various novel travel features of passengers from SC data, including spatial, temporal, travel mode and travel frequency features, to identify long-term travel patterns and their seasonality, for the in-depth understanding of ‘how’ people travel in cities. Leveraging household survey data, we then classify passengers into several groups based on their social-demographic characteristics, such as age, and working status, to identify the homogeneity of travellers for understanding ‘who’ travels using public transit. Finally, we explore the significant relationships between the travel patterns and demographic clusters. This research reveals explicit semantic explanations of ‘why’ passengers exhibit these travel patterns

LDAVI : LambDa architecture driVen implementation

Data has been playing an important role in many areas of society. It has massively increased among time and can be a powerful source of knowledge. The way data is handled, and this knowledge is extracted had also to be adapted to support this huge amount of information coming from different sources. Lambda Architecture comes to supply this need of having a Big Data architecture capable of processing both historical data and stream data. We present LDAVI, a Lambda Architecture Driven Implementation based on Lambda Architecture approach (KIRAN, 2015), a data-processing architecture for handling massive amount of data by decomposing the problem into three layers: batch layer – for historical data processing - serving layer and speed layer – for streaming processing. Main technologies used for building this architecture are Apache Hadoop, Apache Spark, Apache Impala and Apache Kafka. The main focus is to this describe this architecture as well as its implementation, as it can apply to any type of problem where one needs to store and process huge amount of data – either in streaming or batch modes. Our objective in this work is to demonstrate the powerful, capacity and feasibility of this architecture and that it can be used to approach different type of Big Data scenarios. In this work we address Smart Mobility are as our case of study to evaluate LDAVI. We analyze passengers smart card and buses GPS and stops location from the city of Schenzhen, aiming to extract passengers density and flow. Lambda Architecture is a new architectural concept that emerged with the raise of Big Data Analytics. In this work we approach and provide an implementation of this architecture, building it with the main Big Data technology stack. Although it has started being used in some areas such as search engines and platforms requiring real-time processing – such as video stream players – we demonstrate that this architecture can also bring benefits for Smart Mobility, more precisely in public transportation. Differently from related works, we approach three different types of trip: simple trip, connection trip and round trip, what makes the analysis complete and more accurate.Os dados têm desempenhado um papel importante em muitas áreas da sociedade. Eles aumentaram massivamente com o tempo e podem ser uma poderosa fonte de conhecimento. A forma como os dados são tratados, e esse conhecimento é extraído, também deve ser adaptada para suportar essa enorme quantidade de informações vindas de diferentes fontes. A Lambda Architecture vem suprir essa necessidade de ter uma arquitetura Big Data capaz de processar dados históricos e dados em tempo real. Apresentamos o LDAVI, uma implementação da Lambda Architecture baseada na arquitetura Lambda (KIRAN, 2015), uma arquitetura de processamento de dados para manipular uma quantidade massiva de dados decompondo o problema em três camadas: camada de lote - para processamento de dados históricos - camada de veiculação e camada de velocidade - para processamento de streaming. As principais tecnologias usadas para construir essa arquitetura são o Apache Hadoop, o Apache Spark, o Apache Impala e o Apache Kafka. O foco principal é descrever essa arquitetura, bem como sua implementação, pois ela pode ser aplicada a qualquer tipo de problema em que seja necessário armazenar e processar uma grande quantidade de dados - nos modos de fluxo contínuo ou lote. Nosso objetivo neste trabalho é demonstrar o poder, a capacidade e a viabilidade dessa arquitetura e que ela pode ser usada para abordar diferentes tipos de cenários de Big Data. Neste trabalho, abordamos a Mobilidade Inteligente como nosso caso de estudo para avaliar o LDAVI. Analisamos os cartoes de passageiros, GPS de ônibus e paradas de ônibus da cidade de Schenzhen, com o objetivo de extrair a densidade e o fluxo de passageiros. Lambda Architecture é um novo conceito arquitetônico que surgiu com o aumento da area de Big Data Analytics. Neste trabalho, abordamos e fornecemos uma implementação dessa arquitetura, construindo-a com a principal pilha de tecnologia de Big Data. Embora tenha começado a ser usado em algumas áreas, como mecanismos de busca e plataformas que exigem processamento em tempo real - como reprodutores de fluxo de vídeo - demonstramos que essa arquitetura também pode trazer benefícios para a Mobilidade Inteligente, mais precisamente no transporte público. Diferentemente dos trabalhos relacionados, abordamos três tipos diferentes de viagem: viagem simples, viagem de conexão e ida e volta, o que torna a análise completa e mais precisa

Weighted Complex Network Analysis of the Difference Between Nodal Centralities of the Beijing Subway System

The centrality of stations is one of the most important issues in urban transit systems. The central stations of such networks have often been identified using network to-pological centrality measures. In real networks, passenger flows arise from an interplay between the dynamics of the individual person movements and the underlying physical structure. In this paper, we apply a two-layered model to identify the most central stations in the Beijing Subway System, in which the lower layer is the physical infrastruc-ture and the upper layer represents the passenger flows. We compare various centrality indicators such as degree, strength and betweenness centrality for the two-layered model. To represent the influence of exogenous factors of stations on the subway system, we reference the al-pha centrality. The results show that the central stations in the geographic system in terms of the betweenness are not consistent with the central stations in the network of the flows in terms of the alpha centrality. We clarify this difference by comparing the two centrality measures with the real load, indicating that the alpha centrality approx-imates the real load better than the betweenness, as it can capture the direction and volume of the flows along links and the flows into and out of the systems. The empirical findings can give us some useful insights into the node cen-trality of subway systems

Using smart card data to extract passenger's spatio-temporal density and train's trajectory of MRT system

10.1145/2346496.2346519Proceedings of the ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining142-14