76,995 research outputs found
Consumers Use Smart Phone Codes in Supermarkets to Campaign Against Child Labor in Hershey Bars
This document is part of a digital collection provided by the Martin P. Catherwood Library, ILR School, Cornell University, pertaining to the effects of globalization on the workplace worldwide. Special emphasis is placed on labor rights, working conditions, labor market changes, and union organizing.ILRF_Consumers_Use_Smart_Phone_Codes_in_Supermarkets_to_Campaign_Against_Child_Labor_in_Hershey_Bars.pdf: 126 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020
User Participation in Value Creation
This article examines HM Treasuryâs proposal to account for the active participation of users in value creation in certain digital platforms. The first key question is whether there is any reason to believe, as HM Treasury suggests, that users only meaningfully or actively contribute to value creation in the context of certain digital platforms. The article accordingly explores the factors HM Treasury sets out for the attribution of income to active user participation, including features such as network effects, multisided business models, and a lack of physical presence in the jurisdiction of the user. It concludes that if a user participation concept were adopted into international tax norms, it is unlikely to be limited to digital businesses or to the business models particularly highlighted in the proposal issued by HM Treasury. The analysis proceeds by considering the factors set out by HM Treasury for the attribution of income to active user participation in the context of pharmaceuticals and biologics, the financial sector, and the âinternet of thingsâ. For example, the article concludes that under HM Treasuryâs user participation theory, returns from certain London-based financial intermediation businesses would need to be reallocated to other jurisdictions. Moreover, as the internet of things develops, one would expect the range of business affected by the active user participation concept to constantly expand
The use of prepaid cards for banking the poor
Prepaid products can become an effective instrument for banking the poor, as they can be used for collecting microdeposits and so operate as a low-cost account. Prepaid platforms have characteristics that make them especially useful for developing low-cost microfinance business models. Indeed, customers using prepaid systems do not need bank accounts or debit or credit cards. Prepaid issuers do not need to develop or invest in new technologies, as this mechanism can be used on a range of platforms, including PCs, mobile phones, hand-held and set-top boxes. Furthermore, prepaid products are specially designed for offering services demanded by the poor, such as micropayments, microdeposits and even microcredits. Lastly, they allow users to monitor their cash flow by receiving statements (some providers offer this feature online, others provide physical statements) or accessing balances through PCs, mobile phones, hand-held and set-top boxes. Besides collecting microdeposits, prepaid products (or SVCs as they are called in the United States) offer other services that can be very valuable for serving the unbanked population. As explained in this paper, prepaid products generally lack the identification and credit requirements that effectively bar millions of individuals from opening traditional bank accounts, especially in the United States. Moreover, prepaid products can be purchased and reloaded at a growing number of locations other than bank branches, such as check cashers, convenience stores and other retailers. Prepaid instruments can also provide immediate availability of funds at a cost that, in some cases, is lower than other alternatives for unbanked consumers. Also, prepaid products are difficult to overdraw, thus reducing the likelihood of unexpected fees. Lastly, many prepaid issuers offer some sort of bill pay option, especially branded cards that enable signature-based transactions, and a significant number of them offer remittances.Prepaid card; microdeposits; mobile phone; store value card; e-money; banking the poor;
Spartan Daily, March 23, 1944
Volume 32, Issue 105https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/spartandaily/10910/thumbnail.jp
Instantaneous Decentralized Poker
We present efficient protocols for amortized secure multiparty computation
with penalties and secure cash distribution, of which poker is a prime example.
Our protocols have an initial phase where the parties interact with a
cryptocurrency network, that then enables them to interact only among
themselves over the course of playing many poker games in which money changes
hands.
The high efficiency of our protocols is achieved by harnessing the power of
stateful contracts. Compared to the limited expressive power of Bitcoin
scripts, stateful contracts enable richer forms of interaction between standard
secure computation and a cryptocurrency.
We formalize the stateful contract model and the security notions that our
protocols accomplish, and provide proofs using the simulation paradigm.
Moreover, we provide a reference implementation in Ethereum/Solidity for the
stateful contracts that our protocols are based on.
We also adopt our off-chain cash distribution protocols to the special case
of stateful duplex micropayment channels, which are of independent interest. In
comparison to Bitcoin based payment channels, our duplex channel implementation
is more efficient and has additional features
Dwarna : a blockchain solution for dynamic consent in biobanking
Dynamic consent aims to empower research partners and facilitate active participation in the research process. Used within
the context of biobanking, it gives individuals access to information and control to determine how and where their
biospecimens and data should be used. We present Dwarnaâa web portal for âdynamic consentâ that acts as a hub
connecting the different stakeholders of the Malta Biobank: biobank managers, researchers, research partners, and the
general public. The portal stores research partnersâ consent in a blockchain to create an immutable audit trail of research
partnersâ consent changes. Dwarnaâs structure also presents a solution to the European Unionâs General Data Protection
Regulationâs right to erasureâa right that is seemingly incompatible with the blockchain model. Dwarnaâs transparent
structure increases trustworthiness in the biobanking process by giving research partners more control over which research
studies they participate in, by facilitating the withdrawal of consent and by making it possible to request that the biospecimen
and associated data are destroyed.peer-reviewe
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