3 research outputs found
Using Kinect to classify Parkinson's disease stages related to severity of gait impairment
Background: Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease associated with motor problems such
as gait impairment. Different systems based on 3D cameras, accelerometers or gyroscopes have been used in related
works in order to study gait disturbances in PD. Kinect has also been used to build these kinds of systems, but
contradictory results have been reported: some works conclude that Kinect does not provide an accurate method of
measuring gait kinematics variables, but others, on the contrary, report good accuracy results.
Methods: In this work, we have built a Kinect-based system that can distinguish between different PD stages, and
have performed a clinical study with 30 patients suffering from PD belonging to three groups: early PD patients
without axial impairment, more evolved PD patients with higher gait impairment but without Freezing of Gait (FoG),
and patients with advanced PD and FoG. Those patients were recorded by two Kinect devices when they were
walking in a hospital corridor. The datasets obtained from the Kinect were preprocessed, 115 features identified, some
methods were applied to select the relevant features (correlation based feature selection, information gain, and
consistency subset evaluation), and different classification methods (decision trees, Bayesian networks, neural
networks and K-nearest neighbours classifiers) were evaluated with the goal of finding the most accurate method for
PD stage classification.
Results: The classifier that provided the best results is a particular case of a Bayesian Network classifier (similar to a
Naïve Bayesian classifier) built from a set of 7 relevant features selected by the correlation-based on feature selection
method. The accuracy obtained for that classifier using 10-fold cross validation is 93.40%. The relevant features are
related to left shin angles, left humerus angles, frontal and lateral bents, left forearm angles and the number of steps
during spin.
Conclusions: In this paper, it is shown that using Kinect is adequate to build a inexpensive and comfortable system
that classifies PD into three different stages related to FoG. Compared to the results of previous works, the obtained
accuracy (93.40%) can be considered high. The relevant features for the classifier are: a) movement and position of the
left arm, b) trunk position for slightly displaced walking sequences, and c) left shin angle, for straight walking
sequences. However, we have obtained a better accuracy (96.23%) for a classifier that only uses features extracted
from slightly displaced walking steps and spin walking steps. Finally, the obtained set of relevant features may lead to
new rehabilitation therapies for PD patients with gait problems
Protocol for PD SENSORS:Parkinson’s Disease Symptom Evaluation in a Naturalistic Setting producing Outcomes measuRes using SPHERE technology. An observational feasibility study of multi-modal multi-sensor technology to measure symptoms and activities of daily living in Parkinson’s disease
Introduction The impact of disease-modifying agents on disease progression in Parkinson’s disease is largely assessed in clinical trials using clinical rating scales. These scales have drawbacks in terms of their ability to capture the fluctuating nature of symptoms while living in a naturalistic environment. The SPHERE (Sensor Platform for HEalthcare in a Residential Environment) project has designed a multi-sensor platform with multimodal devices designed to allow continuous, relatively inexpensive, unobtrusive sensing of motor, non-motor and activities of daily living metrics in a home or a home-like environment. The aim of this study is to evaluate how the SPHERE technology can measure aspects of Parkinson’s disease.Methods and analysis This is a small-scale feasibility and acceptability study during which 12 pairs of participants (comprising a person with Parkinson’s and a healthy control participant) will stay and live freely for 5 days in a home-like environment embedded with SPHERE technology including environmental, appliance monitoring, wrist-worn accelerometry and camera sensors. These data will be collected alongside clinical rating scales, participant diary entries and expert clinician annotations of colour video images. Machine learning will be used to look for a signal to discriminate between Parkinson’s disease and control, and between Parkinson’s disease symptoms ‘on’ and ‘off’ medications. Additional outcome measures including bradykinesia, activity level, sleep parameters and some activities of daily living will be explored. Acceptability of the technology will be evaluated qualitatively using semi-structured interviews.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been given to commence this study; the results will be disseminated as widely as appropriate
Using Kinect to classify Parkinson's disease stages related to severity of gait impairment
Background: Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease associated with motor problems such
as gait impairment. Different systems based on 3D cameras, accelerometers or gyroscopes have been used in related
works in order to study gait disturbances in PD. Kinect has also been used to build these kinds of systems, but
contradictory results have been reported: some works conclude that Kinect does not provide an accurate method of
measuring gait kinematics variables, but others, on the contrary, report good accuracy results.
Methods: In this work, we have built a Kinect-based system that can distinguish between different PD stages, and
have performed a clinical study with 30 patients suffering from PD belonging to three groups: early PD patients
without axial impairment, more evolved PD patients with higher gait impairment but without Freezing of Gait (FoG),
and patients with advanced PD and FoG. Those patients were recorded by two Kinect devices when they were
walking in a hospital corridor. The datasets obtained from the Kinect were preprocessed, 115 features identified, some
methods were applied to select the relevant features (correlation based feature selection, information gain, and
consistency subset evaluation), and different classification methods (decision trees, Bayesian networks, neural
networks and K-nearest neighbours classifiers) were evaluated with the goal of finding the most accurate method for
PD stage classification.
Results: The classifier that provided the best results is a particular case of a Bayesian Network classifier (similar to a
Naïve Bayesian classifier) built from a set of 7 relevant features selected by the correlation-based on feature selection
method. The accuracy obtained for that classifier using 10-fold cross validation is 93.40%. The relevant features are
related to left shin angles, left humerus angles, frontal and lateral bents, left forearm angles and the number of steps
during spin.
Conclusions: In this paper, it is shown that using Kinect is adequate to build a inexpensive and comfortable system
that classifies PD into three different stages related to FoG. Compared to the results of previous works, the obtained
accuracy (93.40%) can be considered high. The relevant features for the classifier are: a) movement and position of the
left arm, b) trunk position for slightly displaced walking sequences, and c) left shin angle, for straight walking
sequences. However, we have obtained a better accuracy (96.23%) for a classifier that only uses features extracted
from slightly displaced walking steps and spin walking steps. Finally, the obtained set of relevant features may lead to
new rehabilitation therapies for PD patients with gait problems