3,171 research outputs found
Using Delay Tolerant Networks as a Backbone for Low-cost Smart Cities
Rapid urbanization burdens city infrastructure and creates the need for local
governments to maximize the usage of resources to serve its citizens. Smart
city projects aim to alleviate the urbanization problem by deploying a vast
amount of Internet-of-things (IoT) devices to monitor and manage environmental
conditions and infrastructure. However, smart city projects can be extremely
expensive to deploy and manage. A significant portion of the expense is a
result of providing Internet connectivity via 5G or WiFi to IoT devices. This
paper proposes the use of delay tolerant networks (DTNs) as a backbone for
smart city communication; enabling developing communities to become smart
cities at a fraction of the cost. A model is introduced to aid policy makers in
designing and evaluating the expected performance of such networks. Preliminary
results are presented based on a public transit network data-set from Chapel
Hill, North Carolina. Finally, innovative ways of improving network performance
in a low-cost smart city is discussed.Comment: 3 pages, accepted to IEEE SmartComp 201
Optimal Gateway Placement in Low-cost Smart Cities
Rapid urbanization burdens city infrastructure and creates the need for local governments to maximize the usage of resources to serve its citizens. Smart city projects aim to alleviate the urbanization problem by deploying a vast amount of Internet-of-things (IoT) devices to monitor and manage environmental conditions and infrastructure. However, smart city projects can be extremely expensive to deploy and manage partly due to the cost of providing Internet connectivity via 5G or WiFi to IoT devices. This thesis proposes the use of delay tolerant networks (DTNs) as a backbone for smart city communication; enabling developing communities to become smart cities at a fraction of the cost. A model is introduced to aid policy makers in designing and evaluating the expected performance of such networks and results are presented based on a public transit network data-set from Chapel Hill, North Carolina and Louisville, Kentucky. We also demonstrate that the performance of our network can be optimized using algorithms associated on set-cover and Influence maximization problems. Several optimization algorithms are then developed to facilitate the effective placement of gateways within the network model and these algorithms are shown to outperform traditional centrality-based algorithms in terms of cost-efficiency and network performance. Finally, other innovative ways of improving network performance in a low-cost smart city is discussed
Towards Opportunistic Data Dissemination in Mobile Phone Sensor Networks
Recently, there has been a growing interest within the research community in developing opportunistic routing protocols. Many schemes have been proposed; however, they differ greatly in assumptions and in type of network for which they are evaluated. As a result, researchers have an ambiguous understanding of how these schemes compare against each other in their specific applications. To investigate the performance of existing opportunistic routing algorithms in realistic scenarios, we propose a heterogeneous architecture including fixed infrastructure, mobile infrastructure, and mobile nodes. The proposed architecture focuses on how to utilize the available, low cost short-range radios of mobile phones for data gathering and dissemination. We also propose a new realistic mobility model and metrics. Existing opportunistic routing protocols are simulated and evaluated with the proposed heterogeneous architecture, mobility models, and transmission interfaces. Results show that some protocols suffer long time-to-live (TTL), while others suffer short TTL. We show that heterogeneous sensor network architectures need heterogeneous routing algorithms, such as a combination of Epidemic and Spray and Wait
Internet Predictions
More than a dozen leading experts give their opinions on where the Internet is headed and where it will be in the next decade in terms of technology, policy, and applications. They cover topics ranging from the Internet of Things to climate change to the digital storage of the future. A summary of the articles is available in the Web extras section
Internet of Things-aided Smart Grid: Technologies, Architectures, Applications, Prototypes, and Future Research Directions
Traditional power grids are being transformed into Smart Grids (SGs) to
address the issues in existing power system due to uni-directional information
flow, energy wastage, growing energy demand, reliability and security. SGs
offer bi-directional energy flow between service providers and consumers,
involving power generation, transmission, distribution and utilization systems.
SGs employ various devices for the monitoring, analysis and control of the
grid, deployed at power plants, distribution centers and in consumers' premises
in a very large number. Hence, an SG requires connectivity, automation and the
tracking of such devices. This is achieved with the help of Internet of Things
(IoT). IoT helps SG systems to support various network functions throughout the
generation, transmission, distribution and consumption of energy by
incorporating IoT devices (such as sensors, actuators and smart meters), as
well as by providing the connectivity, automation and tracking for such
devices. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey on IoT-aided SG
systems, which includes the existing architectures, applications and prototypes
of IoT-aided SG systems. This survey also highlights the open issues,
challenges and future research directions for IoT-aided SG systems
Vehicle as a Service (VaaS): Leverage Vehicles to Build Service Networks and Capabilities for Smart Cities
Smart cities demand resources for rich immersive sensing, ubiquitous
communications, powerful computing, large storage, and high intelligence
(SCCSI) to support various kinds of applications, such as public safety,
connected and autonomous driving, smart and connected health, and smart living.
At the same time, it is widely recognized that vehicles such as autonomous
cars, equipped with significantly powerful SCCSI capabilities, will become
ubiquitous in future smart cities. By observing the convergence of these two
trends, this article advocates the use of vehicles to build a cost-effective
service network, called the Vehicle as a Service (VaaS) paradigm, where
vehicles empowered with SCCSI capability form a web of mobile servers and
communicators to provide SCCSI services in smart cities. Towards this
direction, we first examine the potential use cases in smart cities and
possible upgrades required for the transition from traditional vehicular ad hoc
networks (VANETs) to VaaS. Then, we will introduce the system architecture of
the VaaS paradigm and discuss how it can provide SCCSI services in future smart
cities, respectively. At last, we identify the open problems of this paradigm
and future research directions, including architectural design, service
provisioning, incentive design, and security & privacy. We expect that this
paper paves the way towards developing a cost-effective and sustainable
approach for building smart cities.Comment: 32 pages, 11 figure
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