Lines Missing Every Random Point

We prove that there is, in every direction in Euclidean space, a line that misses every computably random point. We also prove that there exist, in every direction in Euclidean space, arbitrarily long line segments missing every double exponential time random point.Comment: Added a section: "Betting in Doubly Exponential Time.

Resource Bounded Immunity and Simplicity

Revisiting the thirty years-old notions of resource-bounded immunity and simplicity, we investigate the structural characteristics of various immunity notions: strong immunity, almost immunity, and hyperimmunity as well as their corresponding simplicity notions. We also study limited immunity and simplicity, called k-immunity and feasible k-immunity, and their simplicity notions. Finally, we propose the k-immune hypothesis as a working hypothesis that guarantees the existence of simple sets in NP.Comment: This is a complete version of the conference paper that appeared in the Proceedings of the 3rd IFIP International Conference on Theoretical Computer Science, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp.81-95, Toulouse, France, August 23-26, 200

Top Management Team Characteristics and Financial Reporting Quality

The accounting literature often views managers as individuals whose financial reporting decisions are determined by their economic incentives and individual characteristics. However, managers typically work in a team and most decisions have at least some input from other members of the team. This study examines the impact of top management team (TMT) characteristics on financial reporting quality, as proxied by accounting restatements and both accrual and real earnings management. The results indicate that firms with TMTs that have more similar backgrounds and longer experience working together are more likely to misreport their financial statements. Additional tests document that these firms also engage in more accrual and real earnings management when they face income-increasing earnings management incentives. Moreover, the impact of TMTs on financial reporting quality varies with board compositions. TMT shared experience and homogeneity are more positively related to restatements for firms with lower percentage of independent directors and longer-tenured audit committee members. These findings indicate that top management team characteristics are important determinants of firms’ financial reporting quality.Accountancy and Taxation, Department o

Childhood family structure and complexity in partnership life courses

This study investigated the associations between childhood living arrangements and complex adult partnership trajectories. The authors defined first union dissolution as the event initiating a complex partnership life course, and measured the level of complexity using a weighted cumulative index of subsequent partnership episodes. The analyses were based on a representative sample of the German population born in 1971-73 from the German Family Panel and used multivariate hurdle models to estimate the probability of experiencing the initiation of a complex partnership trajectory, as well as the level of complexity. Results showed that respondents who did not grow up with both biological parents (i.e. those who experienced an alternative family structure) had both a greater likelihood of experiencing the dissolution of their own first union, and followed more complex subsequent partnership trajectories. These associations varied across types of (alternative) family structures experienced during childhood and according to the level of parental partnership (in)stability. This study contributes to our understanding of contemporary partnership complexity and its precursors using a long term life course theoretical and methodological frame. We acknowledge that continuities and disruptions in the development of adult (complex) partnership trajectories can be linked to a growing diversity of family structure in childhood. Thereby, we expand knowledge on intergenerational interdependencies of family instability and complexity beyond the reproduction of the event of union dissolution

Leaders, Followers, and the Space Between: A Three Dimensional View of Leader Attention and Decision-making

A quasi-experimental field study explores how follower voice, leader regulatory focus and leader-member exchange (LMX) affect leader attention and decision-making. The model responds to calls for more work into the interplay between leaders and followers and the effect on leadership (Avolio, 2007; Howell & Shamir, 2005), the integration of top-down and bottom-up processes that affect attention (Ocasio, 2011; Rerup, 2009); and the types, tactics, targets, and outcomes of follower voice (Morrison, 2011). Twenty-seven established leaders and their followers completed on-line instruments in a time-lagged fashion. Leaders were asked to respond to common managerial issues based on the GMIB, a well-known in-basket exercise (Joines, 2011). Each scenario was accompanied by advisory messages that varied in (1) LMX level of the follower sender and (2) promotive or prohibitive voice type (Liang, Farh, & Farh, 2012). Results show the quality of the relationship between the leader and the follower message sender influenced leader interest and decision-making directly and as a moderator of the path between follower voice type and leader decision-making. Regulatory focus did not moderate the relationship between follower voice and leader attention. Contrary to predictions, promotive voice (messages about opportunities) influenced leader attention and decisions more than prohibitive voice (messages about threats). The contributions of these findings to the follower, voice, attention, LMX, and regulatory focus literatures are discussed