67,075 research outputs found
Universal features of network topology
Recent studies have revealed characteristic general features in the topology of real-world networks. We investigate the universality of mechanisms that result in the power-law behaviour of many real-world networks, paying particular attention to the Barabasi-Albert process of preferential attachment as the most successful. We introduce a variation on this theme where at each time step either a new vertex and edge is added to the network or a new edge is created between two existing vertices. This process retains a power-law degree distribution, while other variations destroy it. We also introduce alternative models which favour connections to vertices with high degree but by a different mechanism and find that one of the models displays behaviour that is compatible with a power-law degree distribution
Dynamic scaling and universality in evolution of fluctuating random networks
We found that models of evolving random networks exhibit dynamic scaling
similar to scaling of growing surfaces. It is demonstrated by numerical
simulations of two variants of the model in which nodes are added as well as
removed [Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 5587 (1999)]. The averaged size and connectivity
of the network increase as power-laws in early times but later saturate.
Saturated values and times of saturation change with paramaters controlling the
local evolution of the network topology. Both saturated values and times of
saturation obey also power-law dependences on controlling parameters. Scaling
exponents are calculated and universal features are discussed.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, Europhysics Letters for
From Network Structure to Dynamics and Back Again: Relating dynamical stability and connection topology in biological complex systems
The recent discovery of universal principles underlying many complex networks
occurring across a wide range of length scales in the biological world has
spurred physicists in trying to understand such features using techniques from
statistical physics and non-linear dynamics. In this paper, we look at a few
examples of biological networks to see how similar questions can come up in
very different contexts. We review some of our recent work that looks at how
network structure (e.g., its connection topology) can dictate the nature of its
dynamics, and conversely, how dynamical considerations constrain the network
structure. We also see how networks occurring in nature can evolve to modular
configurations as a result of simultaneously trying to satisfy multiple
structural and dynamical constraints. The resulting optimal networks possess
hubs and have heterogeneous degree distribution similar to those seen in
biological systems.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Proceedings of "Dynamics On and Of
Complex Networks", ECSS'07 Satellite Workshop, Dresden, Oct 1-5, 200
Fundamental statistical features and self-similar properties of tagged networks
We investigate the fundamental statistical features of tagged (or annotated)
networks having a rich variety of attributes associated with their nodes. Tags
(attributes, annotations, properties, features, etc.) provide essential
information about the entity represented by a given node, thus, taking them
into account represents a significant step towards a more complete description
of the structure of large complex systems. Our main goal here is to uncover the
relations between the statistical properties of the node tags and those of the
graph topology. In order to better characterise the networks with tagged nodes,
we introduce a number of new notions, including tag-assortativity (relating
link probability to node similarity), and new quantities, such as node
uniqueness (measuring how rarely the tags of a node occur in the network) and
tag-assortativity exponent. We apply our approach to three large networks
representing very different domains of complex systems. A number of the tag
related quantities display analogous behaviour (e.g., the networks we studied
are tag-assortative, indicating possible universal aspects of tags versus
topology), while some other features, such as the distribution of the node
uniqueness, show variability from network to network allowing for pin-pointing
large scale specific features of real-world complex networks. We also find that
for each network the topology and the tag distribution are scale invariant, and
this self-similar property of the networks can be well characterised by the
tag-assortativity exponent, which is specific to each system
Classification of scale-free networks
While the emergence of a power law degree distribution in complex networks is
intriguing, the degree exponent is not universal. Here we show that the
betweenness centrality displays a power-law distribution with an exponent \eta
which is robust and use it to classify the scale-free networks. We have
observed two universality classes with \eta \approx 2.2(1) and 2.0,
respectively. Real world networks for the former are the protein interaction
networks, the metabolic networks for eukaryotes and bacteria, and the
co-authorship network, and those for the latter one are the Internet, the
world-wide web, and the metabolic networks for archaea. Distinct features of
the mass-distance relation, generic topology of geodesics and resilience under
attack of the two classes are identified. Various model networks also belong to
either of the two classes while their degree exponents are tunable.Comment: 6 Pages, 6 Figures, 1 tabl
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