Encampment in Europe in a comparative perspective

This panel offers a comparative ethnographic and historical perspective on processes of encampment in Europe and on refugee camps as spaces run by complex and ambiguous interweaving of humanitarian and security logics. It approaches encampment as a specific architectural-political form of managing displacement that became possible with the establishing of the nation-state system. With the growth of the humanitarian industry and its ‘mobile sovereignty’ (Pandolfi 2003), refugee camp was dispersed globally as a preferred model of managing displacement. The panel contributions could address one of the following key aspects: 1) the complex and shifting securitarian-humanitarian logics of governance that are reflected in the management of displacement through encampment; 2) how camps as infrastructures of immobilization, control and care change over time; 3) everyday life and encampment; 4) shifting logics of racialization and how they shape processes of encampment; 5) camps as places of resistance to racialisation and humanitarian-securitarian governance. We invite papers that explore (in)visibility and (un)knowability of the management of European borders by empirically focusing on diverse process of encampment in European member states, as well as those looking at the processes of offshoring encampment from the EU to the countries in the Mediterranean, alongside the Balkan Route, in Africa etc

Minute of Silence: The Development of Modern Cremation in the European Communist Countries

The idea of modern cremation was much more than a notion of a more hygienic, ecological and aesthetically acceptable method for the disposal of human remains. From its inception at the end of the 18th century, all the way into the second half of the 20th century, it was tied to various political, national and cultural ideologies, with the common factor throughout being anticlericalism and secularization. In this presentation, I will try to show the development and status of the idea and practice of cremation in countries which found themselves behind the Iron Curtain after the Second World War. Did modern cremation serve in the interest of socialist social order and communist ideology, and if so, in what way? What was the fate of the idea in relation to the specificities of different communist regimes and what factors effected its adoption or rejection

Federal Register

Daily publication of the U.S. Office of the Federal Register contains rules and regulations, proposed legislation and rule changes, and other notices, including "Presidential proclamations and Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public interest" (p. ii). Table of Contents starts on page iii

Rhythms of Life - An introduction using selected topics and examples

Examples for rhythms in the minute- and hour-range (chemical oscillator, glycolysis-oscillator of yeast, gravitropic pendulum, transpiration rhythms in oats, lateral leaflet movements of the telegraph plant, circumnutation, REM-sleep of mammals), for daily rhythms (sleep and wake, activity and body temperature) and consequences of their disturbances (shiftwork, jet-lag, diseases) are presented. How these rhythms function and can be influenced, is shown in mammals. Unicellulars too possess clocks (Gonyaulax, Acetabularia, cyanobacteria). In higher plants daily rhythms of photosynthesis, transpiration, leaf- and petal movements, division, growth and metabolism are known. Insects are equipped with daily rhythms. They help in orientation (time sense of bees, sun compass orientation). Tidal rhythms in organisms at the coast of the sea and lunar rhythms are presented. Annual rhythms are also common among living beings (seed germination, migration of birds, reproduction, hibernation). Photoperiodic reactions help the organisms to orient themselves during the course of the year (seed germination, flowering, diapause). Daily clocks of Drosophila are molecular biologically intensively studied. Eye clocks in marine snails, fungal rhythms, coral clocks and significance and selective advantage of these rhythms are further topics. There is finally a collection of special topics which should accentuate or illustrate certain points. In several places of this introduction into chronobiology experiments are referred to.Beispiele für Rhythmen im Minuten- und Stundenbereich (chemischer Oszillator, Glykolyse-Oszillator der Hefe, gravitropes Pendel, Transpirationsrhythmen beim Hafer, Seitenfiederbewegung der Telegrafenpflanze, Circumnutation, REM-Schlaf der Säuger), für Tageshythmen (Schlafen und Wachen, Aktivität und Körpertemperatur) und Folgen ihrer Störungen (Schichtarbeit, Jet-lag, Krankheiten) werden vorgestellt. Wie diese Rhythmen funktionieren und sich beeinflussen lassen, wird an Säugern gezeigt. Auch Einzeller haben Uhren (Gonyaulax, Acetabularia, Cyanobakterien). Bei höheren Pflanzen sind Tagesrhythmen der Photosynthese, Transpiration, Blatt- und Blütenbewegung, Teilung, Wachstum und Stoffwechsel bekannt. Insekten sind mit Tagesrhythmen ausgestattet. Sie helfen bei der Orientierung (Zeitsinn der Bienen, Sonnenkompaßorientierung). Gezeitenrhythmen bei Organismen im Küstenbereich der Meere und lunare Rhythmen werden an Beispielen vorgestellt. Auch Jahresrhythmen sind bei Lebewesen weit verbreitet (Samenkeimung, Vogelzug, Fortpflanzung, Winterschlaf). Photoperiodische Reaktionen helfen den Organismen, sich im Jahresgang zurechtzufinden (Samenkeimung, Blühen, Diapause). Tagesuhren von Drosophila sind molekularbiologisch intensiv untersucht. Augenuhren bei Meeresschnecken, Pilzrhythmen, Korallenuhren und Bedeutung und selektiver Vorteil dieser Rhythmen sind weitere Themen. Schließlich gibt es eine Sammlung von Spezialthemen, die bestimmte Dinge vertiefen oder illustrieren. In dieser Einführung in die Chronobiologie wird auch an den verschiedenen Stellen auf Versuche hingewiesen