Sensitivity to fine-grained and coarse visual information: The effect of blurring on anticipation skill

Copyright @ 2009 Edizione l PozziWe examined skilled tennis players’ ability to perceive fine and coarse information by assessing their ability to predict serve direction under three levels of visual blur. A temporal occlusion design was used in which skilled players viewed serves struck by two players that were occluded at one of four points relative to ball-racquet impact (-320ms, -160ms, 0ms, +160ms) and shown with one of three levels of blur (no blur, 20% blur, 40% blur). Using a within-task criterion to establish good and poor anticipators, the results revealed a significant interaction between anticipation skill and level of blur. Anticipation skill was significantly disrupted in the ‘20% blur’ condition; however, judgment accuracy of both groups then improved in the ‘40% blur’ condition while confidence in judgments declined. We conclude that there is evidence for processing of coarse configural information but that anticipation skill in this task was primarily driven by perception of fine-grained information.This research was supported by a University of Hong Kong Seed Funding for Basic Research grant awarded to the second author

Learning from Teacher's Eye Movement: Expertise, Subject Matter and Video Modeling

How teachers' eye movements can be used to understand and improve education is the central focus of the present paper. Three empirical studies were carried out to understand the nature of teachers' eye movements in natural settings and how they might be used to promote learning. The studies explored 1) the relationship between teacher expertise and eye movement in the course of teaching, 2) how individual differences and the demands of different subjects affect teachers' eye movement during literacy and mathematics instruction, 3) whether including an expert's eye movement and hand information in instructional videos can promote learning. Each study looked at the nature and use of teacher eye movements from a different angle but collectively converge on contributions to answering the question: what can we learn from teachers' eye movements? The paper also contains an independent methodology chapter dedicated to reviewing and comparing methods of representing eye movements in order to determine a suitable statistical procedure for representing the richness of current and similar eye tracking data. Results show that there are considerable differences between expert and novice teachers' eye movement in a real teaching situation, replicating similar patterns revealed by past studies on expertise and gaze behavior in athletics and other fields. This paper also identified the mix of person-specific and subject-specific eye movement patterns that occur when the same teacher teaches different topics to the same children. The final study reports evidence that eye movement can be useful in teaching; by showing increased learning when learners saw an expert model's eye movement in a video modeling example. The implications of these studies regarding teacher education and instruction are discussed.PHDEducation & PsychologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145853/1/yizhenh_1.pd

Felt_space infrastructure: Hyper vigilant spatiality to valence the visceral dimension

Felt_space infrastructure: Hypervigilant spatiality to valence the visceral dimension. This thesis evolves perception as a hypothesis to reframe architectural praxis negotiated through agent-situation interaction. The research questions the geometric principles of architectural ordination to originate the ‘felt_space infrastructure’, a relational system of measurement concerned with the role of perception in mediating sensory space and the cognised environment. The methodological model for this research fuses perception and environmental stimuli, into a consistent generative process that penetrates the inner essence of space, to reveal the visceral parameter. These concepts are applied to develop a ‘coefficient of affordance’ typology, ‘hypervigilant’ tool set, and ‘cognitive_tope’ design methodology. Thus, by extending the architectural platform to consider perception as a design parameter, the thesis interprets the ‘inference schema’ as an instructional model to coordinate the acquisition of spatial reality through tensional and counter-tensional feedback dynamics. Three site-responsive case studies are used to advance the thesis. The first case study is descriptive and develops a typology of situated cognition to extend the ‘granularity’ of perceptual sensitisation (i.e. a fine-grained means of perceiving space). The second project is relational and questions how mapping can coordinate perceptual, cognitive and associative attention, as a ‘multi-webbed vector field’ comprised of attractors and deformations within a viewer-centred gravitational space. The third case study is causal, and demonstrates how a transactional-biased schema can generate, amplify and attenuate perceptual misalignment, thus triggering a visceral niche. The significance of the research is that it progresses generative perception as an additional variable for spatial practice, and promotes transactional methodologies to gain enhanced modes of spatial acuity to extend the repertoire of architectural practice

Characteristics of flight simulator visual systems

The physical parameters of the flight simulator visual system that characterize the system and determine its fidelity are identified and defined. The characteristics of visual simulation systems are discussed in terms of the basic categories of spatial, energy, and temporal properties corresponding to the three fundamental quantities of length, mass, and time. Each of these parameters are further addressed in relation to its effect, its appropriate units or descriptors, methods of measurement, and its use or importance to image quality

A Conceptual Model of Exploration Wayfinding: An Integrated Theoretical Framework and Computational Methodology

This thesis is an attempt to integrate contending cognitive approaches to modeling wayfinding behavior. The primary goal is to create a plausible model for exploration tasks within indoor environments. This conceptual model can be extended for practical applications in the design, planning, and Social sciences. Using empirical evidence a cognitive schema is designed that accounts for perceptual and behavioral preferences in pedestrian navigation. Using this created schema, as a guiding framework, the use of network analysis and space syntax act as a computational methods to simulate human exploration wayfinding in unfamiliar indoor environments. The conceptual model provided is then implemented in two ways. First of which is by updating an existing agent-based modeling software directly. The second means of deploying the model is using a spatial interaction model that distributed visual attraction and movement permeability across a graph-representation of building floor plans

Audio-visual instruments and multi-dimensional architecture in Visual Research Methods in Architecture.

This book offers a distinctive approach to the use of visual methodologies for qualitative architectural research