3 research outputs found
Do You See It Clearly? The Effect of Packaging and Label Format on Google Ads
The nature of e-commerce prevents the perception of the intrinsic and sensory attributes of wine. In the virtual environment, visual cues allow consumers to perceive the product, determine their attitude and form a preference. Users will choose one product or another based on the visual appeal of the advertisements they have seen. Wine marketers must consider the importance of the advertisement elements and attract the consumer's attention. Optimizing the elements included in these messages can help capture consumers' attention and achieve a higher click-through rate on the ads. The main objective of this work is to analyse the awareness that different advertisements achieve. Specifically, we use a 2 x 2 x 2 experimental design where we manipulate the packaging format (single bottle vs. pack), labelling (bottle without label vs. labelled bottle) for wine ads (white and red). To analyse attention, we used an eye-tracking methodology. The main results suggest that attention is captured more quickly with an individual bottle without a label than with a particular bottle with a label in Google ads. However, ads showing packs of bottles with labels get more attention than ads using packs of bottles without labels.The University of Cadiz funded this Research, grant number PR2017-039 of Plan Propio Project and was supported by the Institute of Research and Development Social and Sustainability (INDESS)
Understanding search behaviour on mobile devices
Web search on hand-held devices has become enormously common and
popular. Although a number of studies have revealed how users
interact with search engine result pages (SERPs) on desktop
monitors, there are still only few studies related to user
interaction in mobile web search, and search results are shown in
a similar way whether on a mobile phone or a desktop. Therefore,
it is still difficult to know what happens between users and
SERPs while searching on small screens, and this means that the
current presentation of SERPs on mobile devices may not be the
best.
According to the findings from previous studies, including our
earlier work, we can confirm that search behaviour on
touch-enabled mobile devices is different from behaviour with
desktop screens, and so we need to consider a different SERP
presentation design for mobile devices. In this thesis, we
explore several user interactions during search with the aim of
improving search experience on smartphones.
First, one remarkable trend of mobile devices is their
enlargement of screen sizes during the last few years. This leads
us to look for differences in search behaviour on different sized
small screens, and if there are any, to suggest better
presentation of search results for each screen size. In the first
study, we investigated search performance, behaviour, and user
satisfaction on three small screens (3.6 inches for early
smartphones, 4.7 inches for recent smart-phones and 5.5 inches
for phablets). We found no significant differences with respect
to the efficiency of carrying out tasks. However, participants
exhibited different search behaviours on the small, medium, and
large sizes of small screens, respectively: a higher chance of
scrolling with the worst user satisfaction on the smallest
screen; fast information extraction with some hesitation before
selecting a link on the medium screen; and less eye movements on
top links on the largest screen. These results suggest that the
presentation of web search results for each screen size needs to
take into account differences in search behaviour.
Second, although people are familiar with turning pages
horizontally while reading books, vertical scrolling is the
standard option that people have available while searching on
mobile devices. So following a suggestion from the first study,
in the second study we explored the effect of horizontal and
vertical viewport control types (pagination versus scrolling)
with various positions of a correct answer in mobile web search.
Our findings suggest that although users are more familiar with
scrolling, participants spent less time to find the correct
answer with pagination, especially when the relevant result is
located beyond the page fold. In addition, participants using
scrolling exhibited less interest in lower-ranked results even if
the documents were relevant. The overall result indicates that it
is worthwhile providing different viewport controls for better
search experiences in mobile web search.
Third, snippets occupy the biggest space in each search result.
Results from a previous study suggested that snippet length
affects search performance on a desktop monitor. Due to the
smaller screen, the effect seems to be much larger on
smartphones. As one possible idea for a SERP presentation design
from the first study, we investigated appropriate snippet lengths
on mobile devices in the third study. We compared search
behaviour with three different snippet lengths, that is, one
line, two to three lines, and six or more lines of snippets on
mobile SERPs. We found that with long snippets, participants
needed longer search time for a particular task type, and the
longer time consumption provided no better search accuracy. Our
findings suggest that this search performance is related to
viewport movements and user attention.
We expect that our proposed approaches provide ways to understand
mobile web search behaviour, and that the findings can be applied
to a wide range of research areas such as human-computer
integration, information retrieval, and even social science for a
better presentation design of SERP on mobile devices