158,748 research outputs found
Three-dimensional theory on supercavitating hydrofoils near a free surface
Supercavitating hydrofoils of large aspect ratio operating near a free surface are investigated, assuming an inviscid and irrotational flow with the effects of gravity and surface tension neglected. The flow near the foil, treated as two-dimensional, is solved by a nonlinear free-streamline theory, then a three-dimensional
'downwash' correction is made using Prandtl's lifting-line theory. The strength of the lifting-line vortex is determined by information from the two-dimensional
solution through a matching procedure, in which the inverse of aspect ratio is used as a small parameter for asymptotic expansions. The analysis incorporates a free-surface reference level to determine the submergence depth
of the foil. The present method can be applied to any type of foil having an arbitrary planform or profile shape, including a rounded leading edge, a twist and even a small dihedral angle, within the assumption of large aspect ratio.
Numerical computations made on rectangular flat-plate hydrofoils show excellent agreement of results with existing experimental data, even for large
angles of attack and relatively low aspect ratios. The pressure distributions, shapes of the cavity and free surface are also calculated as a function of spanwise
position
Low-Reynolds-number flow past cylindrical bodies of arbitrary cross-sectional shape
A numerical implementation of the method of matched asymptotic expansions is proposed to analyse two-dimensional uniform streaming flow at low Reynolds number past a straight cylinder (or cylinders) of arbitrary cross-sectional shape. General solutions for both the Stokes and Oseen equations in two dimensions are expressed in terms of a boundary distribution of fundamental single- and double-layer singularities. These general solutions are then converted to integral equations for the unknown distributions of singularity strengths by application of boundary conditions at the cylinder surface, and matching conditions between the Stokes and Oseen solutions. By solving these integral equations, using collocation methods familiar from three-dimensional application of ‘boundary integral’ methods for solutions of Stokes equation, we generate a uniformly valid approximation to the solution for the whole domain.
We demonstrate the method by considering, as numerical examples, uniform flow past an elliptic cylinder, uniform flow past a cylinder of rectangular cross-section, and uniform flow past two parallel cylinders which may be either equal in radius, or of different sizes
Bayesian data assimilation in shape registration
In this paper we apply a Bayesian framework to the problem of geodesic curve matching. Given a template curve, the geodesic equations provide a mapping from initial conditions\ud
for the conjugate momentum onto topologically equivalent shapes. Here, we aim to recover the well defined posterior distribution on the initial momentum which gives rise to observed points on the target curve; this is achieved by explicitly including a reparameterisation in the formulation. Appropriate priors are chosen for the functions which together determine this field and the positions of the observation points, the initial momentum p0 and the reparameterisation vector field v, informed by regularity results about the forward model. Having done this, we illustrate how Maximum Likelihood Estimators (MLEs) can be used to find regions of high posterior density, but also how we can apply recently developed MCMC methods on function spaces to characterise the whole of the posterior density. These illustrative examples also include scenarios where the posterior distribution is multimodal and irregular, leading us to the conclusion that knowledge of a state of global maximal posterior density does not always give us the whole picture, and full posterior sampling can give better quantification of likely states and the overall uncertainty inherent in the problem
Probability-Matching Predictors for Extreme Extremes
A location- and scale-invariant predictor is constructed which exhibits good
probability matching for extreme predictions outside the span of data drawn
from a variety of (stationary) general distributions. It is constructed via the
three-parameter {\mu, \sigma, \xi} Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD). The
predictor is designed to provide matching probability exactly for the GPD in
both the extreme heavy-tailed limit and the extreme bounded-tail limit, whilst
giving a good approximation to probability matching at all intermediate values
of the tail parameter \xi. The predictor is valid even for small sample sizes
N, even as small as N = 3.
The main purpose of this paper is to present the somewhat lengthy derivations
which draw heavily on the theory of hypergeometric functions, particularly the
Lauricella functions. Whilst the construction is inspired by the Bayesian
approach to the prediction problem, it considers the case of vague prior
information about both parameters and model, and all derivations are undertaken
using sampling theory.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figure
Spatio-spectral characteristics of parametric down-conversion in waveguide arrays
High dimensional quantum states are of fundamental interest for quantum
information processing. They give access to large Hilbert spaces and, in turn,
enable the encoding of quantum information on multiple modes. One method to
create such quantum states is parametric down-conversion (PDC) in waveguide
arrays (WGAs) which allows for the creation of highly entangled photon-pairs in
controlled, easily accessible spatial modes, with unique spectral properties.
In this paper we examine both theoretically and experimentally the PDC process
in a lithium niobate WGA. We measure the spatial and spectral properties of the
emitted photon-pairs, revealing strong correlations between spectral and
spatial degrees of freedom of the created photons. Our measurements show that,
in contrast to prior theoretical approaches, spectrally dependent coupling
effects have to be taken into account in the theory of PDC in WGAs. To
interpret the results, we developed a theoretical model specifically taking
into account spectrally dependent coupling effects, which further enables us to
explore the capabilities and limitations for engineering the spatial
correlations of the generated quantum states.Comment: 26 pages, 11 figure
Salient Local 3D Features for 3D Shape Retrieval
In this paper we describe a new formulation for the 3D salient local features
based on the voxel grid inspired by the Scale Invariant Feature Transform
(SIFT). We use it to identify the salient keypoints (invariant points) on a 3D
voxelized model and calculate invariant 3D local feature descriptors at these
keypoints. We then use the bag of words approach on the 3D local features to
represent the 3D models for shape retrieval. The advantages of the method are
that it can be applied to rigid as well as to articulated and deformable 3D
models. Finally, this approach is applied for 3D Shape Retrieval on the McGill
articulated shape benchmark and then the retrieval results are presented and
compared to other methods.Comment: Three-Dimensional Imaging, Interaction, and Measurement. Edited by
Beraldin, J. Angelo; Cheok, Geraldine S.; McCarthy, Michael B.;
Neuschaefer-Rube, Ulrich; Baskurt, Atilla M.; McDowall, Ian E.; Dolinsky,
Margaret. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 7864, pp. 78640S-78640S-8 (2011).
Conference Location: San Francisco Airport, California, USA ISBN:
9780819484017 Date: 10 March 201
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