Retweeter ou ne pas retweeter

L'étude des caractéristiques contextuelles a été largement traitée en Recherche d'Information (RI), mais les applications concrètes sur de vrais flux de données ne sont pas très répandues. Dans cet article, notre problématique concerne la décision automatique de retweeter un message. En considérant le centre d'intérêt d'un utilisateur, nous proposons un modèle pour effectuer un filtrage automatique en temps-réel du flux Twitter en utilisant de multiples caractéristiques contextuelles. Le modèle sépare l'aspect contextuel du contenu du message en lui-même, tout en conservant une très grande vitesse d'exécution. Notre modèle a été évalué dans le cadre des tâches TREC Microblog 2015 et TREC Real-Time Summarization 2016. Les résultats montrent la grande efficience (temps de retweet) de notre modèle, et son efficacité sur les mesures de 2015. Ces résultats en termes d'efficacité n'ont cependant pas été confirmés sur 2016. Ceci nous a conduit à une analyse plus en détail des résultats (approche et cadre d'évaluation). Cette analyse a notamment montré un biais dans l'évaluation, biais que nous discutons à la fin de l'article

International overview on the legal framework for highly automated vehicles

The evolution of Autonomous and automated technologies during the last decades has been constant and maintained. All of us can remember an old film, in which they shown us a driverless car, and we thought it was just an unreal object born of filmmakers imagination. However, nowadays Highly Automated Vehicles are a reality, even not in our daily lives. Hardly a day we don’t have news about Tesla launching a new model or Google showing the new features of their autonomous car. But don’t have to travel far away from our borders. Here in Europe we also can find different companies trying, with more or less success depending on with, not to be lagged behind in this race. But today their biggest problem is not only the liability of their innovative technology, but also the legal framework for Highly Automated Vehicles. As a quick summary, in only a few countries they have testing licenses, which not allow them to freely drive, and to the contrary most nearly ban their use. The next milestone in autonomous driving is to build and homogeneous, safe and global legal framework. With this in mind, this paper presents an international overview on the legal framework for Highly Automated Vehicles. We also present de different issues that such technologies have to face to and which they have to overcome in the next years to be a real and daily technology

Towards the Understanding of Private Content – Content-based Privacy Assessment and Protection in Social Networks

In the wake of the Facebook data breach scandal, users begin to realize how vulnerable their per-sonal data is and how blindly they trust the online social networks (OSNs) by giving them an inordinate amount of private data that touch on unlimited areas of their lives. In particular, stud-ies show that users sometimes reveal too much information or unintentionally release regretful messages, especially when they are careless, emotional, or unaware of privacy risks. Additionally, friends on social media platforms are also found to be adversarial and may leak one’s private in-formation. Threats from within users’ friend networks – insider threats by human or bots – may be more concerning because they are much less likely to be mitigated through existing solutions, e.g., the use of privacy settings. Therefore, we argue that the key component of privacy protection in social networks is protecting sensitive/private content, i.e. privacy as having the ability to control dissemination of information. A mechanism to automatically identify potentially sensitive/private posts and alert users before they are posted is urgently needed. In this dissertation, we propose a context-aware, text-based quantitative model for private in-formation assessment, namely PrivScore, which is expected to serve as the foundation of a privacy leakage alerting mechanism. We first explicitly research and study topics that might contain private content. Based on this knowledge, we solicit diverse opinions on the sensitiveness of private infor-mation from crowdsourcing workers, and examine the responses to discover a perceptual model behind the consensuses and disagreements. We then develop a computational scheme using deep neural networks to compute a context-free PrivScore (i.e., the “consensus” privacy score among average users). Finally, we integrate tweet histories, topic preferences and social contexts to gener-ate a personalized context-aware PrivScore. This privacy scoring mechanism could be employed to identify potentially-private messages and alert users to think again before posting them to OSNs. It could also benefit non-human users such as social media chatbots