10,438 research outputs found
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Factors Affecting Demand for Plug-in Charging Infrastructure: An Analysis of Plug-in Electric Vehicle Commuters
The public sector and the private sector, which includes automakers and charging network companies, are increasingly investing in building charging infrastructure to encourage the adoption and use of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) and to ensure that current facilities are not congested. However, building infrastructure is costly and, as with road congestion, when there is significant uptake of PEVs, we may not be able to “build out of congestion.” We modelled the choice of charging location that more than 3000 PEV drivers make when given the options of home, work, and public locations. Our study focused on understanding the importance of factors driving demand such as: the cost of charging, driver characteristics, access to charging infrastructure, and vehicle characteristics. We found that differences in the cost of charging play an important role in the demand for charging location. PEV drivers tend to substitute workplace charging for home charging when they pay a higher electricity rate at home, more so when the former is free. Additionally, socio-demographic factors like dwelling type and gender, as well as vehicle technology factors like electric range, influence the choice of charging location
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Utilizing Highway Rest Areas for Electric Vehicle Charging: Economics and Impacts on Renewable Energy Penetration in California
California policy is incentivizing rapid adoption of zero emission electric vehicles for light-duty and freight applications. This project explored how locating charging facilities at California’s highway rest stops might impact electricity demand, grid operation, and integration of renewables like solar and wind into California’s energy mix. Assuming a growing population of electric vehicles to meet state goals, state-wide growth of electricity demand was estimated, and the most attractive rest stop locations for siting chargers identified. Using a California-specific electricity dispatch model developed at UC Davis, the project estimated how charging vehicles at these stations would impact renewable energy curtailment in California. It estimated the impacts of charging infrastructures on California’s electricity system and how they can be utilized to decrease the duck curve effect resulting from a large amount of solar energy penetration by 2050.View the NCST Project Webpag
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Charging ahead on the transition to electric vehicles with standard 120 v wall outlets
Electrification of transportation is needed soon and at significant scale to meet climate goals, but electric vehicle adoption has been slow and there has been little systematic analysis to show that today's electric vehicles meet the needs of drivers. We apply detailed physics-based models of electric vehicles with data on how drivers use their cars on a daily basis. We show that the energy storage limits of today's electric vehicles are outweighed by their high efficiency and the fact that driving in the United States seldom exceeds 100 km of daily travel. When accounting for these factors, we show that the normal daily travel of 85-89% of drivers in the United States can be satisfied with electric vehicles charging with standard 120 V wall outlets at home only. Further, we show that 77-79% of drivers on their normal daily driving will have over 60 km of buffer range for unexpected trips. We quantify the sensitivities to terrain, high ancillary power draw, and battery degradation and show that an extreme case with all trips on a 3% uphill grade still shows the daily travel of 70% of drivers being satisfied with electric vehicles. These findings show that today's electric vehicles can satisfy the daily driving needs of a significant majority of drivers using only 120 V wall outlets that are already the standard across the United States
Carbon Free Boston: Transportation Technical Report
Part of a series of reports that includes:
Carbon Free Boston: Summary Report;
Carbon Free Boston: Social Equity Report;
Carbon Free Boston: Technical Summary;
Carbon Free Boston: Buildings Technical Report;
Carbon Free Boston: Waste Technical Report;
Carbon Free Boston: Energy Technical Report;
Carbon Free Boston: Offsets Technical ReportOVERVIEW:
Transportation connects Boston’s workers, residents and tourists to their livelihoods, health care, education,
recreation, culture, and other aspects of life quality. In cities, transit access is a critical factor determining
upward mobility. Yet many urban transportation systems, including Boston’s, underserve some populations
along one or more of those dimensions. Boston has the opportunity and means to expand mobility access to
all residents, and at the same time reduce GHG emissions from transportation. This requires the
transformation of the automobile-centric system that is fueled predominantly by gasoline and diesel fuel.
The near elimination of fossil fuels—combined with more transit, walking, and biking—will curtail air
pollution and crashes, and dramatically reduce the public health impact of transportation. The City embarks
on this transition from a position of strength. Boston is consistently ranked as one of the most walkable and
bikeable cities in the nation, and one in three commuters already take public transportation.
There are three general strategies to reaching a carbon-neutral transportation system:
• Shift trips out of automobiles to transit, biking, and walking;1
• Reduce automobile trips via land use planning that encourages denser development and affordable
housing in transit-rich neighborhoods;
• Shift most automobiles, trucks, buses, and trains to zero-GHG electricity.
Even with Boston’s strong transit foundation, a carbon-neutral transportation system requires a wholesale
change in Boston’s transportation culture. Success depends on the intelligent adoption of new technologies,
influencing behavior with strong, equitable, and clearly articulated planning and investment, and effective
collaboration with state and regional partners.Published versio
Final report: Workshop on: Integrating electric mobility systems with the grid infrastructure
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
This document is a report on the workshop entitled “Integrating Electric Mobility
Systems with the Grid Infrastructure” which was held at Boston University on November 6-7
with the sponsorship of the Sloan Foundation. Its objective was to bring together researchers
and technical leaders from academia, industry, and government in order to set a short and longterm research agenda regarding the future of mobility and the ability of electric utilities to meet
the needs of a highway transportation system powered primarily by electricity. The report is a
summary of their insights based on workshop presentations and discussions. The list of
participants and detailed Workshop program are provided in Appendices 1 and 2.
Public and private decisions made in the coming decade will direct profound changes in
the way people and goods are moved and the ability of clean energy sources – primarily
delivered in the form of electricity – to power these new systems. Decisions need to be made
quickly because of rapid advances in technology, and the growing recognition that meeting
climate goals requires rapid and dramatic action. The blunt fact is, however, that the pace of
innovation, and the range of business models that can be built around these innovations, has
grown at a rate that has outstripped our ability to clearly understand the choices that must be
made or estimate the consequences of these choices. The group of people assembled for this
Workshop are uniquely qualified to understand the options that are opening both in the future of
mobility and the ability of electric utilities to meet the needs of a highway transportation system
powered primarily by electricity. They were asked both to explain what is known about the
choices we face and to define the research issues most urgently needed to help public and
private decision-makers choose wisely. This report is a summary of their insights based on
workshop presentations and discussions.
New communication and data analysis tools have profoundly changed the definition of
what is technologically possible. Cell phones have put powerful computers, communication
devices, and position locators into the pockets and purses of most Americans making it possible
for Uber, Lyft and other Transportation Network Companies to deliver on-demand mobility
services. But these technologies, as well as technologies for pricing access to congested
roads, also open many other possibilities for shared mobility services – both public and private –
that could cut costs and travel time by reducing congestion. Options would be greatly expanded
if fully autonomous vehicles become available. These new business models would also affect
options for charging electric vehicles. It is unclear, however, how to optimize charging
(minimizing congestion on the electric grid) without increasing congestion on the roads or
creating significant problems for the power system that supports such charging capacity.
With so much in flux, many uncertainties cloud our vision of the future. The way new
mobility services will reshape the number, length of trips, and the choice of electric vehicle
charging systems and constraints on charging, and many other important behavioral issues are
critical to this future but remain largely unknown. The challenge at hand is to define plausible
future structures of electric grids and mobility systems, and anticipate the direct and indirect
impacts of the changes involved. These insights can provide tools essential for effective private ... [TRUNCATED]Workshop funded by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio
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