IP and ATM - a position paper

This paper gives a technical overview of different networking technologies, such as the Internet, ATM. It describes different approaches of how to run IP on top of an ATM network, and assesses their potential to be used as an integrated services network

IP and ATM - current evolution for integrated services

Current and future applications make use of different technologies as voice, data, and video. Consequently network technologies need to support them. For many years, the ATM based Broadband-ISDN has generally been regarded as the ultimate networking technology, which can integrate voice, data, and video services. With the recent tremendous growth of the Internet and the reluctant deployment of public ATM networks, the future development of ATM seems to be less clear than it used to be. In the past IP provided (and was though to provide) only best effort services, thus, despite its world wide diffution, was not considered as a network solution for multimedia application. Currently many of the IETF working groups work on areas related to integrated services, and IP is also proposing itself as networking technology for supporting voice, data, and video services. This paper give a technical overview on the competing integrated services network solutions, such as IP, ATM and the different available and emerging technologies on how to run IP over ATM, and tries to identify their potential and shortcomings

The Design and Analysis of a Wireless LAN Relayed Frame Protocol Extension

Computing stations networked on wireless LANs (wLANs) typically have a limited range of mobility: the station must always be within an access point’s coverage area. If a station moves outside of that area, and if it is unable to locate another base station within its range to perform a handover of communication connectivity responsibility, then it will ex perience a disruption in network services until it migrates into the coverage area of another wLAN. Typical causes for such losses of service include station migration to outside of the wLAN’s coverage area, changing environmental conditions, and “holes” within the cumu lative cell coverage area of multiple access points. There could be several mobile stations simultaneously sharing the network in a wLAN. Each station may be stationary or in motion for part or all of its service life. How ever, in order to use the wLAN, it must be within service range of a access point. Theoreti cally, if a station is outside the access point’s coverage area, yet its own radio signal is within range of one of the stations which has connectivity with an access point, the isolated station could relay its network negotiations and traffic through a relay station which has direct communication with the access point. Therefore, the station nearer to the base sta tion acts as a relay point for the isolated station out of the access point’s range. In this thesis, the author proposed, the design of a MAC Frame Relaying Protocol Extension which enables this type of dynamic relaying of network frames between stations in wLANs. It requires additional logic in the networking process on both the access point and the stations involved (both relay station and the isolated station) to support the bidirec tional forwarding of network traffic, and the definition of several new message types to support relay connection setup and data exchange. Both cryptography and digital signature concepts are employed to make secure the process of establishing of a relayed network session, and the exchange of data between the end stations. To verify the validity of the protocol extension and to measure its performance, the protocol extension was implemented into an existing and widely accepted wireless network standard, IEEE 802.11. To study its effectiveness and impact on the wLAN protocol, the network simulation software, OPNET, was used. An existing model of IEEE 802.11 was enhanced with the additional logic introduced by the protocol extension. Through simulation, it is proved that the logic presented by the protocol extension is able to function. In addition, the impact to overall network performance, and the quality of service the isolated station experiences during a relayed network session were quantita tively analyzed. Through the OPNET simulation, it was found that overall wLAN perfor mance diminished a moderate amount, while the isolated station experienced a far smaller level of throughput when engaged in a relayed network session, than it did in a normal network session

Foundational Research of Interarrival Packet Jitter for Homogenous CBR Traffic in MPLS Networks

School of Electrical and Computer Engineerin

3GPP QoS Model for Networks Using 3GPP QoS Classes

This draft describes an NSIS QoS Model (QOSM) based on 3GPP QoS classes and bearer service attributes. Specifically, this draftdescribes additional optional parameters for QSPEC which carries 3GPP QOSM specific information and how the QSPEC information should be processed in QNEs.\u

A new charging scheme for ATM based on QoS

PhDNew services are emerging rapidly within the world of telecommunications. Charging strategies that were appropriate for individual transfer capabilities are no longer appropriate for an integrated broadband communications network. There is currently a range of technologies (such as cable television, telephony and narrow band ISDN) for the different services in use and a limited number of charging schemes are applicable for each of the underlying technologies irrespective of the services used over it. Difficulties arise when a wide range of services has to be supported on the same integrated technology such as asynchronous transfer mode (ATM); in such cases the type of service in use and the impact it has on the network becomes much more important. The subject of this thesis, therefore, is the charging strategies for integrated broadband communications networks. That is, the identification of the requirements associated with ATM charging schemes and the proposal of a new approach to charging for ATM called the “quality of service based charging scheme”. Charging for ATM is influenced by three important components: the type and content of a service being offered; the type of customer using the services; and the traffic characteristics belonging to the application supporting the services. The first two issues will largely be dependent on the business and regulatory requirements of the operators. The last item, and an essential one for ATM, is the bridge between technology and business; how are the resources used by a service quantified? Charging that is based on resource usage at the network level was the prime focus of the research reported here. With the proposed charging scheme, a distinction is first made between the four different ATM transfer capabilities that will support various services and the different quality of service requirements that may be applicable to each of them. Then, resources are distributed among buffers set-up to support the combination of these transfer capabilities and quality of services. The buffers are dimensioned according to the M/D/1/K and the ND/D/1 queuing analysis to determine the buffer efficiency and quality of service requirements. This dimensioning provides the basis for fixing the price per unit of resource and time. The actual resource used by a connection is based on the volume of cells transmitted or peak cell rate allocation in combination with traffic shapers if appropriate. Shapers are also dimensioned using the quality of service parameters. Since the buffer 4 efficiency is dependent on the quality of service requirements, users (customers) of ATM networks buy quality of service. The actual price of a connection is further subjected to a number of transformations based on the size of the resource purchased, the time of the day at which a connection is made, and the geographical locality of the destination switch. It is demonstrated that the proposed charging scheme meets all the requirements of customers and of network operators. In addition the result of the comparison of the new scheme with a number of existing, prominent, ATM charging schemes is presented, showing that the performance of the proposed scheme is better in terms of meeting the expectations of both the customers and the network operators