Electrical Energy Storage Strategy to Support Electrification of the Fleet

NPS NRP Technical ReportThis research aims to identify current advanced battery requirement (baseline) and project anticipated battery requirements for the operating force in 2035 and 2050. The research may consider other forms of energy storage as appropriate and based on sponsor interest. The research may use a mission engineering perspective to determine the battery requirements. The analysis may include battery chemistry, energy density, charge/discharge rate, safety concerns, etc. of the battery. The research will attempt to answer the following questions: What is the current advanced battery requirement (baseline)? What is the projection for batteries required by the operating force by 2035? What is the projection for batteries required by the operating force by 2050? The research plan is: 1) Conduct lit review, 2) Identify existing battery systems aboard operational systems and near-term developments, 3) Identify/develop CONOPS and mission scenarios for future battery uses, 4) Conduct targeted lit review on battery technologies that may be viable in 2035 and 2050, 5) Conduct analysis of current power converter and control hardware/software, and battery energy management, 6) Analysis of future battery techs for safety, 7) Develop predictions and recommendations for future battery use across the fleet in 2035 and 2050.N9 - Warfare SystemsThis research is supported by funding from the Naval Postgraduate School, Naval Research Program (PE 0605853N/2098). https://nps.edu/nrpChief of Naval Operations (CNO)Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

Small and Very Small Armed Aircraft and Missiles: Trends in Technology and Preventive Arms Control

The project ‘Preventive Arms Control for Small and Very Small Armed Aircraft and Missiles’ investigates the properties of ever smaller aircraft and missiles and explores possibilities for preventive arms control. The first part of this project report no. 3 covers the technological trends in both categories. (Further) miniaturisation is supported by civilian developments in mobile devices. Cheap production can allow swarms of very many uninhabited aerial vehicle (UAVs). Armed UAVs down to centimetre sizes and missiles down to 20 or 10 mm diameter are possible, with correspondingly very small destructive payloads. The second part assesses small and very small armed aircraft and missiles under criteria of preventive arms control. Both categories raise problems, mainly for international humanitarian law and military stability. Arms races have to be feared, increasing the threat of proliferation to non-state actors. Options for preventive limitations, confidence building and export control are presented. Recommended are prohibitions of autonomous attack and of swarms of autonomous armed systems, independent of size. If these are unattainable, limits should be established for quality and quantity of swarms; lower limits should be set for the size of armed UAVs and missiles; at a minimum numerical thresholds on the holdings of small and very small UAVs and missiles should be agreed on

Funding Resilient Infrastructure in New Jersey: Attitudes Following a Natural Disaster

Recent major natural disasters in New Jersey have demonstrated the need to increase the resilience of transportation infrastructure. This research examines public attitudes toward revenue sources that can be dedicated to protecting vulnerable areas, most notably the transportation linkages on which the state depends. A statewide survey was conducted to gather data approximately four months following Superstorm Sandy, the costliest natural disaster in the state’s history. The authors’ objective was to sample public attitudes while the impacts of the disaster were still fresh. They found little support for temporary tax increases to improve resiliency, with the most positive support for taxing visitors (i.e., a hotel and recreational tax) and for a 30-year bond measure (i.e., taxing the future). This observation seemingly contradicts broad support for investing in new infrastructure, as well as maintaining and protecting existing infrastructure. Multivariate analysis to understand the underlying attitudes toward raising revenue found that more left-leaning or communitarian attitudes are associated with more support for gasoline, income, or sales taxes devoted to mitigating vulnerability. Those who supported investment in transit and protecting infrastructure also were more likely to support these taxes. There was no parallel finding of factors associated with taxing visitors or issuing bonds

Aerospace medicine and biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 333)

This bibliography lists 122 reports, articles and other documents introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information System during January, 1990. Subject coverage includes: aerospace medicine and psychology, life support systems and controlled environments, safety equipment, exobiology and extraterrestrial life, and flight crew behavior and performance

Technology for the Future: In-Space Technology Experiments Program, part 2

The purpose of the Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology (OAST) In-Space Technology Experiments Program In-STEP 1988 Workshop was to identify and prioritize technologies that are critical for future national space programs and require validation in the space environment, and review current NASA (In-Reach) and industry/ university (Out-Reach) experiments. A prioritized list of the critical technology needs was developed for the following eight disciplines: structures; environmental effects; power systems and thermal management; fluid management and propulsion systems; automation and robotics; sensors and information systems; in-space systems; and humans in space. This is part two of two parts and contains the critical technology presentations for the eight theme elements and a summary listing of critical space technology needs for each theme

Scare Tactics

It is the purpose of this document to describe the design and development processes of Scare Tactics. The game will be discussed in further detail as it relates to several areas, such as market analysis, development process, game design, technical design, and each team members’ individual area of background research. The research areas include asymmetrical game design, level design, game engine architecture, real-time graphics, user interface design, networking and artificial intelligence. As part of the team’s market analysis, other games featuring asymmetric gameplay are discussed. The games described in this section serve as inspirations for asymmetric game design. Some of these games implement mechanics that the team seeks to emulate and expand upon in Scare Tactics. As part of the team’s development process, several concepts were prototyped over the course of two months. During that process the team adopted an Agile methodology in order to assist with scheduling, communication and resource management. Eventually, the team chose to expand upon the prototype that became the basis of Scare Tactics. Game design and technical design occur concurrently in the development of Scare Tactics. Designers conduct discussions where themes, settings, and mechanics are conceived and documented. Mechanics are prototyped in Unity and eventually ported to a proprietary engine developed by our team. Throughout the course of development, each team member has had to own an area of design or development. This has led to individual research performed in several areas, which will be discussed further in this document

Batteries on the Battlefield: Estimating the Fully Burdened Cost of Batteries in the DoD

Sponsored Report (for Acquisition Research Program)According to Department of Defense (DoD) and Secretary of the Navy (SecNav) instructions, acquisition decisions should be based on analysis that considers both the costs and benefits of different courses of action. A recent change to DoD Instruction (DODI) 5000.02, the DoD''s regulations on the acquisition of new systems, specifically calls for its agencies to consider the fully burdened energy costs in all trade-offs involving costs and benefits. Defense ground, air, and maritime platforms, as well as communications and network systems, all use a variety of renewable and disposable energy sources. Past analyses conducted by the Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army for Cost and Economics (ODASA''CE) and the Office of the Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition Technology and Logistics (OUSD(AT&L)) have developed methodologies to calculate the fully burdened cost of fuel as delivered energy in defense systems. Whereas these previous studies did not consider other energy sources such as batteries, this thesis contributes to the DoD area of knowledge in estimating lifecycle costs of systems by developing a methodology to estimate the fully burdened cost of batteries.Naval Postgraduate School Acquisition Research ProgramApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited