Aplicação da Ontologia PROV-O ao crime de branqueamento de capitais

Actualmente, os investigadores criminais deparam-se com novos desafios, entre eles: o combate ao branqueamento de capitais. Dado a enorme quantidade de dados que são recolhidos e processados durante as investigações, a necessidade de introdução de sistemas computacionais que permitem a representação do conhecimento do dominio em questão, para que depois possam ser processados. Assim, as ontologias surgem como forma de representação de conhecimento existente em diversos dominios. Assim, a ontologia PROV-O pode-se adaptar à representação do conhecimento criminal

La lucha contra el terrorismo y la delincuencia organizada: Una visión desde la lingüística y la ingeniería del conocimiento

The aim of Natural Language Processing is to create computational systems for the production and comprehension of language by machines. In this regard, symbolic approaches to language put forth conceptual models which represent both common and specialised knowledge. This paper describes the ontological modelling of the “collective criminal agent” and its implementation in FunGramKB, a knowledge base for language processing and artificial reasoning. More specifically, the study focuses on the conceptual definition of three terminological units from the domains of terrorism and organised crime: cartel, oriented cluster, and terrorist cell. The main assumption is that ontological modelling applied to language technologies can play a major role in combating a variety of security threats to today’s society.El objetivo del procesamiento del lenguaje natural es la creación sistemas computacionales de producción y comprensión lingüística. Un aspecto prioritario de este enfoque consiste en elaborar modelos conceptuales que permitan formalizar el conocimiento humano. Este artículo aborda la elaboración de modelos que, conteniendo unidades léxicas propias de los ámbitos del terrorismo y ladelincuencia organizada, puedan utilizarse con la base de conocimiento FunGramKB para llevar a cabo tareas de procesamiento lingüístico y de razonamiento artificial.El artículo parte del concepto “agente criminal colectivo” e ilustra la formalización conceptual de las unidades cartel (“cártel”), oriented cluster (“grupo con fines propios”) y terrorist cell (“célula terrorista”). La conceptualización de unidades léxicas constituye un paso fundamental hacia el desarrollo de aplicaciones que ofrezcan soluciones a los distintos problemas que se plantean en el ámbito profesional, así como en el conjunto de la sociedad

Public engagement for objective and holistic officials' evaluation: an integrated political-social-legal view

This research proposes new model of officials’ evaluation grounded on a belief regarding to the urgency of a framework which embraces socio-political aspects holistically. This is derived from national vision in sustainability development demanding a more transparent, reliable, and competent leadership. Regarding to this, distortions often occur due to governance malpractices in the form of corruption which impact officials’ performance as well as environment conduciveness. This phenomenon is taken as a fundamental paradigm of this research which results in a reasoning stating that officials’ objective evaluation. This research realizes that cannot be done by considering officials as a single-role entity. It must consider several roles which impacts and influences several different parties (political, social, and governmental). This research comprehends such gap through comprehensive literature review and transforms all theories in the purpose of building a systematic assessment methodology which captures various aspects from different perspective. In its discussion, this model is proven academically to be able to evaluate officials’ performance objectively through three broad parameters: (1) policies formulation, (2) social engagement, and (3) regulatory submission. In addition, those three categorical assessment would be integrated in a weighted-average system, enabling them to produce a numerical score. In this stage, this framework is applied through information technology is used to capture data from different respondents

Beyond the Model Rules: The Place of Examples in Legal Ethics

The Model Rules of Professional Conduct defined the agenda for the post- Watergate renaissance in legal ethics. While there had been some form of codified precepts for American lawyers since at least 1908, Watergate inspired a desire to clean up a disgraced profession. The American Bar Association (ABA) promulgated the Model Rules; law schools instituted mandatory courses; and scholars debated and analyzed the new Model Rules. The organized bar devoted much time and attention to developing these guidelines. The mainstream media covered both the bar\u27s original efforts and the subsequent adoption of the Model Rules by particular jurisdictions. Today, forty-three American jurisdictions have adopted ethics guidelines based closely on the Model Rules

An integrated procurement assessment model for the measurement of development effectiveness and value for money in international development

This research examines the relationship between project success and procurement performance to identify predictors that contribute to Development Effectiveness (DE) and Value for Money (VFM) in international development. The findings indicate that the existing project evaluation criteria, used by the selected international development organisations, have inconsistencies and do not provide a reliable measurement of DE and VFM. The research contributes to theory on the measurement of DE and VFM in international development projects

Assessing customary land administration systems for peri-urban land in Ghana

Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.Customary tenure is the predominant land tenure system in Ghana. It has been practiced for many years. Customary land tenure is built on the foundations of an African concept of land, distinguished by centrality of community, spirituality, and mutual dependence of the individual and the community. Colonization, increased population, rapid urbanisation has placed enormous pressure on customary tenure, especially in peri-urban areas. This study investigates customary administration in peri-urban Ghana. Using critical realism and multimethodology, peri-urban customary tenure in Accra and Kumasi, the fastest growing cities in Ghana, are assessed. A model for assessing functionality for peri-urban customary systems has been developed. The results indicate that functional customary systems adhere to the principles of good governance in customary land administration, although a lot needs to be done to improve accountability, transparency and land rights of women. It was also observed that whether the system has patrilineal or matrilineal inheritance does not have any significant influence on functionality. Further research is recommended to investigate best practices from other tenure systems to improve peri-urban customary tenure without compromising good aspects of customary systems

Trusted operational scenarios - Trust building mechanisms and strategies for electronic marketplaces.

This document presents and describes the trusted operational scenarios, resulting from the research and work carried out in Seamless project. The report presents identified collaboration habits of small and medium enterprises with low e-skills, trust building mechanisms and issues as main enablers of online business relationships on the electronic marketplace, a questionnaire analysis of the level of trust acceptance and necessity of trust building mechanisms, a proposal for the development of different strategies for the different types of trust mechanisms and recommended actions for the SEAMLESS project or other B2B marketplaces.trust building mechanisms, trust, B2B networks, e-marketplaces