A developed distributed ledger technology architectural layer framework for decentralized governance implementation in virtual enterprise

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SoK: Diving into DAG-based Blockchain Systems

Blockchain plays an important role in cryptocurrency markets and technology services. However, limitations on high latency and low scalability retard their adoptions and applications in classic designs. Reconstructed blockchain systems have been proposed to avoid the consumption of competitive transactions caused by linear sequenced blocks. These systems, instead, structure transactions/blocks in the form of Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) and consequently re-build upper layer components including consensus, incentives, \textit{etc.} The promise of DAG-based blockchain systems is to enable fast confirmation (complete transactions within million seconds) and high scalability (attach transactions in parallel) without significantly compromising security. However, this field still lacks systematic work that summarises the DAG technique. To bridge the gap, this Systematization of Knowledge (SoK) provides a comprehensive analysis of DAG-based blockchain systems. Through deconstructing open-sourced systems and reviewing academic researches, we conclude the main components and featured properties of systems, and provide the approach to establish a DAG. With this in hand, we analyze the security and performance of several leading systems, followed by discussions and comparisons with concurrent (scaling blockchain) techniques. We further identify open challenges to highlight the potentiality of DAG-based solutions and indicate their promising directions for future research.Comment: Full versio

Performance Analysis of the IOTA Chrysalis on Heterogeneous Devices

Existing Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) based models like blockchain pose scalability and performance challenges for IoT systems due to resource-demanding Proof of Work (PoW), slow transaction confirmation rates, and high costs. Against a need to adopt a viable approach, especially for low-power IoT devices, IOTA emerges as a promising technology, leveraging the Direct Acyclic Graph (DAG) based approach called Tangle for IoT-focused applications. In this paper, we design a system enabling secure data exchange between IoT devices on IOTA Chrysalis, the latest version. We perform extensive experiments on two machines, a Workstation PC and Raspberry Pi, to demonstrate the performance gap between powerful and low-power devices. Our findings show that even low-power devices, such as Raspberry Pi, perform well with small payload sizes on the Chrysalis network but face challenges with larger payloads. We observe that variation in transmission time increases as payload size grows, indicating the impact of PoW complexity, but it still is feasible for Raspberry Pi. We further validated our experimental setup to ensure the validity and accuracy of our approach through discussions with the IOTA Foundation’s technical team

From Bitcoin to Solana -- Innovating Blockchain towards Enterprise Applications

This survey presents a comprehensive study of recent advances in block-chain technologies, focusing on how issues that affecting the enterprise adoption were progressively addressed from the original Bitcoin system to Ethereum, to Solana etc. Key issues preventing the wide adoption are scala-bility and performance, while recent advances in Solana has clearly demon-strated that it is possible to significantly improve on those issues by innovat-ing on data structure, processes and algorithms by consolidating various time-consuming algorithms and security enforcements, and differentiate and balance users and their responsibilities and rights, while maintaining the re-quired security and integrity that blockchain systems inherently offer