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    Digitaalse teadmuse arhiveerimine – teoreetilis-praktiline uurimistöö Rahvusarhiivi nĂ€itel

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    VĂ€itekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone.Digitaalse informatsiooni pidevalt kiirenev juurdekasv on aidanud rĂ”hutada ka olulise informatsiooni sĂ€ilitamise vajadust. SĂ€ilitamine ei tĂ€henda siinkohal pelgalt fĂŒĂŒsilist varundamist, vaid ka informatsiooni kasutatavuse ja mĂ”istetavuse tagamist. See tĂ€hendab, et tegelikkuses on vaja hoolitseda ka selle eest, et meil oleks olemas vajalik riist- ja tarkvara arhiveeritud teabe kasutamiseks. Kui seda ei ole, siis saab mĂ”ningatel juhtudel kasutada emulaatoreid, mis matkivad konkreetset aegunud sĂŒsteemi ja vĂ”imaldavad niiviisi vanu faile avada. Samas, kui tehnoloogia iganemist on vĂ”imalik ette nĂ€ha, siis oleks mĂ”istlik failid juba varakult pĂŒsivamasse vormingusse ĂŒmber konverteerida vĂ”i andmekandja kaasaegsema vastu vahetada. Nii emuleerimine, konverteerimine kui ka nende kombineerimine aitavad sĂ€ilitada informatsiooni kasutatavust, kuid ei pruugi tagada autentset mĂ”istetavust, kuna digitaalse teabe esitus sĂ”ltub alati sĂ€ilitatud bittide tĂ”lgendamisest. NĂ€iteks, kui luua WordPad tarkvara abil ĂŒks dokument ja avada seesama dokument Hex Editor Neo abil, siis nĂ€eme seda faili kahendkujul, Notepad++ nĂ€itab RTFi kodeeringut, Microsoft Word 2010 ja LibreOffice Writeri esitustes vĂ”ime mĂ€rgata juba mitmeid erinevusi. KĂ”ik eelloetletud esitused on tehnoloogilises mĂ”ttes Ă”iged. Faili avamisel veateateid ei teki, sest tarkvara seisukohast lĂ€htudes peavadki esitused sellised olema. Siinjuures oluline rĂ”hutada, et ka korrektne esitus vĂ”ib jÀÀda kasutajale mĂ”istetamatuks – see, et andmed on sĂ€ilinud, et neid on vĂ”imalik lugeda ja esitada, ei garanteeri paraku, et neid Ă”igesti mĂ”istetakse. MĂ”istetavuse tagamiseks tuleb alati arvestada ka lĂ”ppkasutajaskonnaga. SeetĂ”ttu uuribki antud töö vĂ”imalusi, kuidas toetada teadmuse (mĂ”istetava informatsiooni) digitaalset arhiveerimist tuginedes eelkĂ”ige parimale praktikale, praktilistele eksperimentidele Rahvusarhiivis ja interdistsiplinaarsetele (nt infotehnoloogia kombineerimine arhiivindusega) vĂ”tetele.Digital preservation of knowledge is a very broad and complex research area. Many aspects are still open for research. According to the literature, the accessibility and usability of digital information have been more investigated than the comprehensibility of important digital information over time. Although there are remedies (e.g. emulation and migration) for mitigating the risks related to the accessibility and usability, the question how to guarantee understandability/comprehensibility of archived information is still ongoing research. Understanding digital information first requires a representation of the archived information, so that a user could then interpret and understand it. However, it is a not-so-well-known fact that the digital information does not have any fixed representation before involving some software. For example, if we create a document in WordPad and open the same file in Hex Editor Neo software, then we will see the binary representation which is also correct but not suitable for human users, as humans are not used to interpreting binary codes. When we open that file in Notepad++, then we can see the structure of the RTF coding. Again, this is the correct interpretation of this file, but not understandable for the ordinary user, as it shows the technical view of the file format structure. When we open that file in Microsoft Word 2010 or LibreOffice Writer, then we will notice some changes, although the original bits are the same and no errors are displayed by the software. Thus, all representations are technologically correct and no errors will be displayed to the user when they are opening this file. It is important to emphasise that in some cases even the original representation may be not understandable to the users. Therefore, it is important to know who the main users of the archives are and to ensure that the archived objects are independently understandable to that community over the long term. This dissertation will therefore research meaningful use of digital objects by taking into account the designated users’ knowledge and Open Archival Information System (OAIS) model. The research also includes several practical experimental projects at the National Archives of Estonia which will test some important parts of the theoretical work
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