Three Pillar Information Management System for Modeling the Environment of Autonomous Systems

This contribution is about an information management and storage system for modeling the environment of autonomous systems. The three pillars of the system consist of prior knowledge, environment model and sensory information. The main pillar is the environment model, which supplies the autonomous system with relevant information about its current environment. For this purpose, an abstract representation of the real world is created, where instances with attributes and relations serve as virtual substitutes of entities (persons and objects) of the real world. The environment model is created based on sensory information about the real world. The gathered sensory information is typically uncertain in a stochastic sense and is represented in the environment model by means of Degree-of-Belief (DoB) distributions. The prior knowledge contains all relevant background knowledge (e.g., concepts organized in ontologies) for creating and maintaining the environment model. The concept of the three pillar information system has previously been published. Therefore this contribution focuses on further central properties of the system. Furthermore, the development status and possible applications as well as evaluation scenarios are discussed

Data Association in a World Model for Autonomous Systems

This contribution introduces a three pillar information storage and management system for modeling the environment of autonomous systems. The main characteristics is the separation of prior knowledge, environment model and sensor information. In the center of the system is the environment model, which provides the autonomous system with information about the current state of the environment. It consists of instances with attributes and relations as virtual substitutes of entities (persons and objects) of the real world. Important features are the representation of uncertain information by means of Degree-of-Belief (DoB) distributions, the information exchange between the three pillars as well as creation, deletion and update of instances, attributes and relations in the environment model. In this work, a Bayesian method for fusing new observations to the environment model is introduced. For this purpose, a Bayesian data association method is derived. The main question answered here is the observation-to-instance mapping and the decision mechanisms for creating a new instance or updating already existing instances in the environment model

THE EUROPEAN UNION’S FRAMEWORK FOR CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION: IMPLICATIONS OF AGRICULTURE’S ADAPTATION THROUGH SUSTAINED YIELD GROWTH

Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Modeling the fiscal impacts caused by climate change

Aim of the paper: The purpose is to gather the practices and to model the impacts of climate change on fiscal spending and revenues, responsibilities and opportunities, balance and debt related to climate change (CC). Methodology of the paper: The methodology will distinguish fiscal cost of mitigation and adaptation, besides direct and indirect costs. It will also introduce cost benefit analyses to evaluate the propensity of policy makers for action or passivity. Several scenarios will be drafted to see the different outcomes. The scenarios shall contain the possible losses in the natural and artificial environment and resources. Impacts on public budget are based on damage of income opportunities and capital/wealth/natural assets. There will be a list of actions when the fiscal correction of market failures will be necessary. Findings: There will be a summary and synthesis of estimation models on CC impacts on public finances, and morals of existing/existed budgeting practices on mitigation. The model will be based on damages (and maybe benefits) from CC, adjusted with probabilities of scenarios and policy making propensity for action. Findings will cover the way of funding of fiscal costs. Practical use, value added: From the synthesis of model, the fiscal cost of mitigation and adaptation can be estimated for any developed, emerging and developing countries. The paper will try to reply, also, for the challenge how to harmonize fiscal and developmental sustainability

Regulatory capital and economic capital.

The connection between the concepts of regulatory capital and economic capital appears at first glance to be relatively obvious. Prudential standards, from which the notion of regulatory capital directly stems, are intended to ensure the soundness and stability of individual financial institutions and of the financial system as a whole. Thus the capital ratio links the concerns of regulators to those of bank directors and stockholders, resulting in a partial convergence in the methods for calculating regulatory and economic capital, and also, to some extent, in the objectives underlying those calculations. Over the past two decades, the convergence in the methodologies underlying these two concepts has been reinforced by the establishment of increasingly sophisticated prudential mechanisms – from the Cooke ratio in 1988 to the recent innovations introduced by the Basel II Accord – and by the parallel development of more efficient tools for measuring and analyzing banking risks. Thus the new Basel Accord, in providing a measure of regulatory capital that better reflects the risks inherent in each type of portfolio, resembles in many respects the methods that banks use to measure economic capital. In a banking environment that is both more risky and more competitive, efforts on the part of banks and supervisors to improve the solvency of the banking system must take into account the capacity of banks to earn profits while limiting excessive risk-taking. In the pursuit of profits, banks have a clear interest in reducing their credit risk, since this will tend to increase their margins, all other things being equal. This reduction in credit risk improves the efficiency of banks, and at the same time helps guarantee the financial health of individual institutions and the stability of the financial system as a whole. Despite these links, regulatory capital and economic capital do not necessarily coincide, because they serve fundamentally different objectives. The ultimate objectives of supervisors are to protect depositors, ensure the soundness of fi nancial institutions, and prevent financial crises. The objective of bank directors is to maximize the return to their shareholders, by maximizing the profits generated by the bank’s activities through the optimal allocation of capital across different business lines. Thus economic capital is concerned with the internal management of the institution, while regulatory capital is about ensuring the solvency of the institution and of the financial sector as a whole. While the tendency for regulatory capital and economic capital to converge is generally viewed as beneficial, a perfect alignment of the two concepts would not be desirable, for several reasons. To begin with, internal systems for measuring risks still have serious limitations, and the methods for measuring different types of risk are still very fragmented. Furthermore, the objectives of large financial conglomerates are not always consistent with the goal of financial stability. Finally, an alignment of internal practices could result in a higher degree of correlation of risk exposures across institutions, increasing systemic risk in the banking system.

Business and Information System Alignment Theories Built on eGovernment Service Practice: An Holistic Literature Review

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.This chapter examines previous studies of alignment between business and information systems holistically in relation to the development of working associations among professionals from information system and business backgrounds in business organization and eGovernment sectors while investigating alignment research that permits the development and growth of information system, which is appropriate, within budget and on-time development. The process of alignment plays a key role in the construction of dependent associations among individuals from two different groups, and the progress of alignment could be enhanced by emerging an information system according to the investors’ prospects. The chapter presents system theory to gather and analyze the data across the designated platforms. The outcomes classify that alignment among business and information system departments remains a priority and is of worry in different ways in diverse areas, which provides prospects for the forthcoming discussion and research.Final Published versio

Mobility as a Resource (MaaR) for resilient human-centric automation: a vision paper

With technological advances, mobility has been moving from a product (i.e., traditional modes and vehicles), to a service (i.e., Mobility as a Service, MaaS). However, as observed in other fields (e.g. cloud computing resource management) we argue that mobility will evolve from a service to a resource (i.e., Mobility as a Resource, MaaR). Further, due to increasing scarcity of shared mobility spaces across traditional and emerging modes, the transition must be viewed within the critical need for ethical and equitable solutions for the traveling public (i.e., research is needed to avoid hyper-market driven outcomes for society). The evolution of mobility into a resource requires novel conceptual frameworks, technologies, processes and perspectives of analysis. A key component of the future MaaR system is the technological capacity to observe, allocate and manage (in real-time) the smallest envisionable units of mobility (i.e., atomic units of mobility capacity) while providing prioritized attention to human movement and ethical metrics related to access, consumption and impact. To facilitate research into the envisioned future system, this paper proposes initial frameworks which synthesize and advance methodologies relating to highly dynamic capacity reservation systems. Future research requires synthesis across transport network management, demand behavior, mixed-mode usage, and equitable mobility