Review of \u3ci\u3eRace and the Cherokee Nation: Sovereignty in the Nineteenth Century\u3c/i\u3e By Fay A. Yarbrough

Fay Yarbrough\u27s Race and the Cherokee Nation adds to recent literature, including Tiya Miles\u27s Ties That Bind (2005) and Celia Naylor\u27s African Cherokees in Indian Territory (2008), that reexamines racial ideology among slave-holding American Indians. Through the use of Cherokee statutory law, marriage licenses, newspaper articles, court records, and WPA interviews, Yarbrough argues that nineteenth-century Cherokee politicians adopted racial laws to serve as a demonstration of sovereignty and reconfigured Cherokee identity by intermingling blood, race, and legal citizenship. Matrilineal clan descent no longer provided the principal claim to Cherokee identity; race increasingly replaced clan identification to determine those who could be Cherokee. Adoption and intermarriage continued to provide secondary paths to inclusion, but through the passage of marriage and citizenship laws legislators recognized that marriage was not solely a private matter of personal choice but an institution that had much larger consequences for the continued existence of the Nation as an independent political and cultural unit

Review of \u3ci\u3eRace and the Cherokee Nation: Sovereignty in the Nineteenth Century\u3c/i\u3e By Fay A. Yarbrough

Fay Yarbrough\u27s Race and the Cherokee Nation adds to recent literature, including Tiya Miles\u27s Ties That Bind (2005) and Celia Naylor\u27s African Cherokees in Indian Territory (2008), that reexamines racial ideology among slave-holding American Indians. Through the use of Cherokee statutory law, marriage licenses, newspaper articles, court records, and WPA interviews, Yarbrough argues that nineteenth-century Cherokee politicians adopted racial laws to serve as a demonstration of sovereignty and reconfigured Cherokee identity by intermingling blood, race, and legal citizenship. Matrilineal clan descent no longer provided the principal claim to Cherokee identity; race increasingly replaced clan identification to determine those who could be Cherokee. Adoption and intermarriage continued to provide secondary paths to inclusion, but through the passage of marriage and citizenship laws legislators recognized that marriage was not solely a private matter of personal choice but an institution that had much larger consequences for the continued existence of the Nation as an independent political and cultural unit

Crossroads : the ties that bind intercultural, anti-racist and global citizenship education

Coming to terms with the ethnic diversity of my student population, I find myself arguing for the recognition of the responsibility that befalls on teachers' shoulders of actively and positively exposing their students to issues relating to cultural diversity. Different options are open to those who chose to accept this responsibility: intercultural education, anti-racist education, and global citizenship education. However, which one is the best educational philosophy to apply to teachers' and students' day to day classroom realities? This is what this thesis attempts to discover. For indeed, there is a need to recognize that the ties that bind multiethnic diversity and education in the context of everyday classroom interactions are powerful, and I firmly believe those ties need to be addressed in order to instill in our student population a strong sense of cultural awareness. Ultimately, the objective is to empower students so they can be moved to become influential actors in the creation of an equitable and ethical social order for all citizens. This is an issue that is no longer an educational imperative we teachers can afford to neglect

The Ties that Bind: Asian American Communities without \u27\u27Ethnic Spaces in Southeast Michigan

According to the 2000 census, over 12 million Asian Americans, almost 70 percent of them either immigrants who came to the U.S. after 1970 or their children, comprised an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse population that was more regionally dispersed throughout the U.S. than ever before. (Lai and Arguelles, 2003). Despite these transitions and increasing heterogeneity, discourses about Asian American communities have focused on ethnic enclaves such as Chinatowns, Koreatowns, and Little Saigons where coethnic residents, businesses, services, institutions and organizations exist and interact in urban or suburban physical spaces of the bicoastal United States (Fong, 1994; Li, 1999; Zhou and Bankston, 1988). According to Kathleen Wong (Lau), these tangible markers tied to space are often privileged as authentic Asian American communities while those without demographic concentrations and geographically bound enclaves are less advanced communities; as a result, [w]hat is not recognized in the literature is the \u27localness\u27 of this production. [1997:83]

So far, yet so close: α-Catenin dimers help migrating cells get together

Epithelial cells in tissues use their actin cytoskeletons to stick together, whereas unattached cells make active plasma membrane protrusions to migrate. In this issue, Wood et al. (2017. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201612006) show that the junction component α-catenin is critical in freely moving cells to promote adhesion and migration

Feel the beat: using cross-modal rhythm to integrate perception of objects, others, and self

For a robot to be capable of development, it must be able to explore its environment and learn from its experiences. It must find (or create) opportunities to experience the unfamiliar in ways that reveal properties valid beyond the immediate context. In this paper, we develop a novel method for using the rhythm of everyday actions as a basis for identifying the characteristic appearance and sounds associated with objects, people, and the robot itself. Our approach is to identify and segment groups of signals in individual modalities (sight, hearing, and proprioception) based on their rhythmic variation, then to identify and bind causally-related groups of signals across different modalities. By including proprioception as a modality, this cross-modal binding method applies to the robot itself, and we report a series of experiments in which the robot learns about the characteristics of its own body

Punishment, Invalidation, and Nonvalidation: What H.L.A. Hart Did Not Explain

Elaborating first upon H. L. A. Hart\u27s distinction between imposing duties and imposing disabilities, this article explores the two senses mentioned (but not fully explained) by Hart in which power-holders may be legally disabled. Legal invalidation (nullification) of norms that have been generated by vulnerable power-holders is seen to reduce diversity or pluralism in every normative sphere, from the supranational to the intrafamilial. By contrast, mere legal nonvalidation (noncognizance) of such norms tends to preserve the autonomy of the power-holders that created the norms, thus enhancing legal pluralism. Punishment for creating forbidden norms amounts in principle to an in-between sort of control, less restrictive than completely invalidating them but more restrictive than just not validating them, that is, just ignoring them. Illustrative examples include the European Court of Justice\u27s early use of invalidation to convert an international treaty into a supranational constitution, and the subtle effects of legal nonvalidation of same-sex marriage