Filter distortion effects on telemetry signal-to-noise ratio

The effect of filtering on the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of a coherently demodulated band-limited signal is determined in the presence of worse-case amplitude ripple. The problem is formulated mathematically as an optimization problem in the L2-Hilbert space. The form of the worst-cast amplitude ripple is specified, and the degradation in the SNR is derived in a closed form expression. It is shown that when the maximum passband amplitude ripple is 2 delta (peak to peak), the SNR is degraded by at most (1 - delta squared), even when the ripple is unknown or uncompensated. For example, an SNR loss of less than 0.01 dB due to amplitude ripple can be assured by keeping the amplitude ripple to under 0.42 dB

Ripple Effect: The Economic Impact of Microlending

Examines the direct, indirect, and induced economic effects of the Opportunity Fund's microfinance lending on the Bay Area in terms of economic activity, employee earnings, employment, and tax revenue. Offers data by industry, county, and race/ethnicity

Effect of toroidal field ripple on plasma rotation in JET

Dedicated experiments on TF ripple effects on the performance of tokamak plasmas have been carried out at JET. The TF ripple was found to have a profound effect on the plasma rotation. The central Mach number, M, defined as the ratio of the rotation velocity and the thermal velocity, was found to drop as a function of TF ripple amplitude (3) from an average value of M = 0.40-0.55 for operations at the standard JET ripple of 6 = 0.08% to M = 0.25-0.40 for 6 = 0.5% and M = 0.1-0.3 for delta = 1%. TF ripple effects should be considered when estimating the plasma rotation in ITER. With standard co-current injection of neutral beam injection (NBI), plasmas were found to rotate in the co-current direction. However, for higher TF ripple amplitudes (delta similar to 1%) an area of counter rotation developed at the edge of the plasma, while the core kept its co-rotation. The edge counter rotation was found to depend, besides on the TF ripple amplitude, on the edge temperature. The observed reduction of toroidal plasma rotation with increasing TF ripple could partly be explained by TF ripple induced losses of energetic ions, injected by NBI. However, the calculated torque due to these losses was insufficient to explain the observed counter rotation and its scaling with edge parameters. It is suggested that additional TF ripple induced losses of thermal ions contribute to this effect

Using inventory to mitigate the Ripple effect

A single disruption at a single location within a supply chain may effect many other locations of a the supply chain through the Ripple effect (Ivanov et al., 2014). In this article we focus on the role of inventory to mitigate the Ripple effect. Our main finding states that operational decisions (such as safety inventory level or service level) are highly interrelated with decisions that mitigate the Ripple effect (such as a high Resilience of the supply chain). Specifically, we find: 1) An increase in demand volatility may lead a firm to invest more in operational safety stock as well as in dedicated Risk Mitigation Inventory. 2) A high service level and high resilience of a supply chain can be conflicting objectives

The Ripple Effect: Guantanamo Bay in the United Kingdom\u27s Courts

The human rights abuses suffered by detainees held at Guantánamo Bay have dominated many of the cases before the United Kingdom’s courts. The Human Rights Act of 1998, still relatively new to the statute book, played a central role in the detainees’ arguments. The ultimate court decisions, however, often relegate such factors to the background of the case. This article examines why the deciding courts declined to develop the law of diplomatic protection on the basis of human rights concerns, and why such arguments continue to be employed by detainees. Furthermore, the article assesses why the English courts have shown greater receptiveness to arguments similarly grounded in accusations of inhuman and degrading treatment in relation to later cases involving former detainees challenging the role of the British Government in their detention

Energy dependent wavelength of the ion induced nanoscale ripple

Wavelength variation of ion beam induced nanoscale ripple structure has received much attention recently due to its possible application in nanotechnology. We present here results of Ar$^+$ bombarded Si in the energy range 50 to 140 keV to demonstrate that with beam scanning the ripple wavelength increases with ion energy and decreases with energy for irradiation without ion beam scanning. An expression for the energy dependence of ripple wavelength is proposed taking into simultaneous effect of thermally activated surface diffusion and ion induced effective surface diffusion.Comment: REVTeX (4 pages), 3 EPS figure

Booms, Busts and Ripples in British Regional Housing Markets

We present and discuss an annual econometric model of regional house prices in Britain estimated over the period 1972 to 2003. The model, which consists of a system of inverted housing demand equations, is data consistent, incorporates spatial lags and errors, has some spatial coefficient heterogeneity, has a plausible long run solution and includes a full range of explanatory variables. We use our results to explain the periods of boom and bust and the ripple effect from London house prices to house prices elsewhere. We also address the issue of whether there has been a bubble in the British housing marketHouse Prices; Ripple Effect; Bubble

Mandated Wage Floors and the Wage Structure: New Estimates of the Ripple Effects of Minimum Wage Laws

Minimum wage laws have become a key political issue, following on the heels of over 130 successful living wage campaigns around the country. In the debates surrounding these mandated wage floors, one recurring issue has been whether the legislation has wider-ranging impacts on wages than the legally-required raises alone. Advocates on both sides of the debate dispute the potential magnitude of 'ripple effects'- the non-mandated raises given by employers to maintain a similar wage hierarchy before and after a change in the wage floor. These ripple effects have the potential to greatly expand the overall impact of mandated wage floors. This study uses data from twenty years of the Current Population Survey to assess the magnitude of ripple effects in the context of variations in minimum wage laws, and looks specifically at the retail trade sector to model the potential magnitude of ripple effects under living wage ordinances, where the 'bite' of the legislation would encompass a larger share of the workforce.ripple effect, wage spillover, wage norms, minimum wage, living wage, wage distribution, retail trade, low wage

Martin Gardner\u27s Word Magic Enthralls Broad Ripple Teens

Butler University was host on September 18, 2009 to 25 students of Peggy Boulden\u27s class from Broad Ripple High School in Indianapolis. The students were all mathematically astute and we wanted to show them something new and decided to present a Martin Gardner magic effect