What Should We Interpret First In An Archaeological Site: A Value-Based Identification Of Character-Defining Features In First Qin Emperor’s Mausoleum

This thesis proposed a method for the value-based identification of the site’s character-defining features. I contribute to solving a common problem at large heritage sites, which is how to present a sense of the whole site when only small pieces are visible and have been excavated. As a case study, I focus on the First Qin Emperor’s Mausoleum constructed from 247-208 BC, because if reflects this tension between the entire heritage site and the excavated fragments. The Terra-Cotta Army Museum is known around the world, but it is only a small portion of the entire mausoleum site, the first in-situ museum as built in 1979 to exhibit the pits of terra-cotta figures, and it is an astounding 1.5 km east of the core mausoleum area. To fix the problem, and present a more complete site interpretation, the Shaanxi Cultural Relics Bureau constructed the mausoleum site park in 2009. However, it failed to solve the problem. The official tourist investigation survey done between 2012 and 2014 revealed that the Terra-Cotta Army Museum was still eclipsing the rest of the site. My thesis shows that in order to better understand the whole site, its major character-defining features must be presented to the public in a visible, physical way. Through my value-based method, I identified the axial paths and perimeter walls as the character-defining features that although primary in the hierarchy of importance, are not sufficiently visible to the public and therefore go by un-noticed. Because what is most important is not visible, I conclude by arguing for a partial reconstruction of the perimeter wall next to the remaining wall fragment and on the ancient foundation

The Crescent Student Newspaper, October 7, 1981

Student newspaper of Pacific College (later George Fox University). 8 pages, black and white.https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/the_crescent/1982/thumbnail.jp

Marking practices and the making of the Qin Terracotta Army

A striking feature of Qin material culture (770-210 BC) in ancient China is the frequency with which it preserves stamped, incised or painted marks with a variety of Chinese characters, numerals or symbols. In a general sense, such repeated mark-making was an administrative strategy that enabled Qin administrators to mobilise people, raw materials and finished goods in vast bulk, subject to careful quality and quantity control, and archaeologically, this strategy is nowhere more obvious than in the manufacturing feat constituted by Emperor Qin Shihuang's mausoleum and his Terracotta Army. This study considers the production marks associated with both the terracotta warriors and their accompanying bronze weapons from a new perspective. We compare and contrast the marking practices on these two very different kinds of artefacts, devoting close attention to what this implies about workshop organisation or the operational sequences behind their manufacture. We also assess the location of such signs on their parent objects as well as their wider spatial distribution across the pit as a whole, ultimately with a view to understanding craft organisation and project logistics during this crucial early phase of empire-building in China

Computer vision, archaeological classification and China's terracotta warriors

Structure-from-motion and multiview-stereo together offer a computer vision technique for reconstructing detailed 3D models from overlapping images of anything from large landscapes to microscopic features. Because such models can be generated from ordinary photographs taken with standard cameras in ordinary lighting conditions, these techniques are revolutionising digital recording and analysis in archaeology and related subjects such as palaeontology, museum studies and art history. However, most published treatments so far have focused merely on this technique's ability to produce low-cost, high quality representations, with one or two also suggesting new opportunities for citizen science. However, perhaps the major artefact scale advantage comes from significantly enhanced possibilities for 3D morphometric analysis and comparative taxonomy. We wish to stimulate further discussion of this new research domain by considering a case study using a famous and contentious set of archaeological objects: the terracotta warriors of China's first emperor. © 2014 The Authors

The Web Magazine 1979, November/December

The Web Magazine focuses on alumni news and campus events from Gardner-Webb College; now Gardner-Webb University. This issue highlights the groundbreaking ceremonies for the new convocation center at Gardner-Webb. The beginning semester of Graduate Studies was anticipated to begin in 1980. There were also major fundraising attempts during this time period, with a 50,000 dollar donation given anonymously. Patrick Spangler became the Convocation Center General Chairman, and took on the responsibilities of governing all other chairmen on this project. There was an outlook for the Gardner-Webb basketball season given by Randy Alexander, the Sports Information Director. Michael Stephens, a psychology major, met with prominent psychologist from around the nation on his four week tour of the United States. The school also began to offer art therapy. There was also a spotlight of the educators within the Education Department.https://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/the-web/1094/thumbnail.jp

The Changing Face of China: Chinese Women and Their Awakening Culture

The Changing Face of China: Chinese Women and Their Awakening Cultur

The Carbon (April 20, 1997)

https://mushare.marian.edu/crbn/1090/thumbnail.jp