221 research outputs found
Jamming Games in the MIMO Wiretap Channel With an Active Eavesdropper
This paper investigates reliable and covert transmission strategies in a
multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wiretap channel with a transmitter,
receiver and an adversarial wiretapper, each equipped with multiple antennas.
In a departure from existing work, the wiretapper possesses a novel capability
to act either as a passive eavesdropper or as an active jammer, under a
half-duplex constraint. The transmitter therefore faces a choice between
allocating all of its power for data, or broadcasting artificial interference
along with the information signal in an attempt to jam the eavesdropper
(assuming its instantaneous channel state is unknown). To examine the resulting
trade-offs for the legitimate transmitter and the adversary, we model their
interactions as a two-person zero-sum game with the ergodic MIMO secrecy rate
as the payoff function. We first examine conditions for the existence of
pure-strategy Nash equilibria (NE) and the structure of mixed-strategy NE for
the strategic form of the game.We then derive equilibrium strategies for the
extensive form of the game where players move sequentially under scenarios of
perfect and imperfect information. Finally, numerical simulations are presented
to examine the equilibrium outcomes of the various scenarios considered.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures. To appear, IEEE Transactions on Signal
Processin
Optimal Scanning Bandwidth Strategy Incorporating Uncertainty about Adversary's Characteristics
In this paper we investigate the problem of designing a spectrum scanning
strategy to detect an intelligent Invader who wants to utilize spectrum
undetected for his/her unapproved purposes. To deal with this problem we model
the situation as two games, between a Scanner and an Invader, and solve them
sequentially. The first game is formulated to design the optimal (in maxmin
sense) scanning algorithm, while the second one allows one to find the optimal
values of the parameters for the algorithm depending on parameters of the
network. These games provide solutions for two dilemmas that the rivals face.
The Invader's dilemma consists of the following: the more bandwidth the Invader
attempts to use leads to a larger payoff if he is not detected, but at the same
time also increases the probability of being detected and thus fined.
Similarly, the Scanner faces a dilemma: the wider the bandwidth scanned, the
higher the probability of detecting the Invader, but at the expense of
increasing the cost of building the scanning system. The equilibrium strategies
are found explicitly and reveal interesting properties. In particular, we have
found a discontinuous dependence of the equilibrium strategies on the network
parameters, fine and the type of the Invader's award. This discontinuity of the
fine means that the network provider has to take into account a human/social
factor since some threshold values of fine could be very sensible for the
Invader, while in other situations simply increasing the fine has minimal
deterrence impact. Also we show how incomplete information about the Invader's
technical characteristics and reward (e.g. motivated by using different type of
application, say, video-streaming or downloading files) can be incorporated
into scanning strategy to increase its efficiency.Comment: This is the last draft version of the paper. Revised version of the
paper was published in EAI Endorsed Transactions on Mobile Communications and
Applications, Vol. 14, Issue 5, 2014, doi=10.4108/mca.2.5.e6. arXiv admin
note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1310.724
An Outline of Security in Wireless Sensor Networks: Threats, Countermeasures and Implementations
With the expansion of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the need for securing
the data flow through these networks is increasing. These sensor networks allow
for easy-to-apply and flexible installations which have enabled them to be used
for numerous applications. Due to these properties, they face distinct
information security threats. Security of the data flowing through across
networks provides the researchers with an interesting and intriguing potential
for research. Design of these networks to ensure the protection of data faces
the constraints of limited power and processing resources. We provide the
basics of wireless sensor network security to help the researchers and
engineers in better understanding of this applications field. In this chapter,
we will provide the basics of information security with special emphasis on
WSNs. The chapter will also give an overview of the information security
requirements in these networks. Threats to the security of data in WSNs and
some of their counter measures are also presented
Development of a Security-Focused Multi-Channel Communication Protocol and Associated Quality of Secure Service (QoSS) Metrics
The threat of eavesdropping, and the challenge of recognizing and correcting for corrupted or suppressed information in communication systems is a consistent challenge. Effectively managing protection mechanisms requires an ability to accurately gauge the likelihood or severity of a threat, and adapt the security features available in a system to mitigate the threat. This research focuses on the design and development of a security-focused communication protocol at the session-layer based on a re-prioritized communication architecture model and associated metrics. From a probabilistic model that considers data leakage and data corruption as surrogates for breaches of confidentiality and integrity, a set of metrics allows the direct and repeatable quantification of the security available in single- or multi-channel networks. The quantification of security is based directly upon the probabilities that adversarial listeners and malicious disruptors are able to gain access to or change the original message. Fragmenting data across multiple channels demonstrates potential improvements to confidentiality, while duplication improves the integrity of the data against disruptions. Finally, the model and metrics are exercised in simulation. The ultimate goal is to minimize the information available to adversaries
Near-Optimal Modulo-and-Forward Scheme for the Untrusted Relay Channel
This paper studies an untrusted relay channel, in which the destination sends
artificial noise simultaneously with the source sending a message to the relay,
in order to protect the source's confidential message. The traditional
amplify-and-forward (AF) scheme shows poor performance in this situation
because of the interference power dilemma: providing better security by using
stronger artificial noise will decrease the confidential message power from the
relay to the destination. To solve this problem, a modulo-and-forward (MF)
operation at the relay with nested lattice encoding at the source is proposed.
For this system with full channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT),
theoretical analysis shows that the proposed MF scheme approaches the secrecy
capacity within 1/2 bit for any channel realization, and hence achieves full
generalized security degrees of freedom (G-SDoF). In contrast, the AF scheme
can only achieve a small fraction of the G-SDoF. For this system without any
CSIT, the total outage event, defined as either connection outage or secrecy
outage, is introduced. Based on this total outage definition, analysis shows
that the proposed MF scheme achieves the full generalized secure diversity gain
(G-SDG) of order one. On the other hand, the AF scheme can only achieve a G-SDG
of 1/2 at most
An enhanced OFDM light weight physical layer encryption scheme
The broadcast nature of wireless networks makes them susceptible to attacks by eavesdroppers than wired networks. Any untrusted node can eavesdrop on the medium, listen to transmissions and obtain sensitive information within the wireless network. In this paper, we propose a new mechanism which combines the advantages of two techniques namely iJam and OFDM phase encryption. Our modified mechanism makes iJam more bandwidth efficient by using Alamouti scheme to take advantage of the repetition inherent in its implementation. The adversary model is extended to the active adversary case, which has not been done in the original work of iJam and OFDM phase encryption. We propose, through a max min optimization model, a framework that maximizes the secrecy rate by means of a friendly jammer. We formulate a Zero-Sum game that captures the strategic decision making between the transmitter receiver pair and the adversary. We apply the fictitious play (FP) algorithm to reach the Nash equilibria (NE) of the game. Our simulation results show a significant improvement in terms of the ability of the eavesdropper to benefit from the received information over the traditional schemes, i.e. iJam or OFDM phase encryption
Blockchain-Based Security Architecture for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in B5G/6G Services and Beyond: A Comprehensive Approach
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), previously favored by enthusiasts, have
evolved into indispensable tools for effectively managing disasters and
responding to emergencies. For example, one of their most critical applications
is to provide seamless wireless communication services in remote rural areas.
Thus, it is substantial to identify and consider the different security
challenges in the research and development associated with advanced UAV-based
B5G/6G architectures. Following this requirement, the present study thoroughly
examines the security considerations about UAVs in relation to the
architectural framework of the 5G/6G system, the technologies that facilitate
its operation, and the concerns surrounding privacy. It exhibits security
integration at all the protocol stack layers and analyzes the existing
mechanisms to secure UAV-based B5G/6G communications and its energy and power
optimization factors. Last, this article also summarizes modern technological
trends for establishing security and protecting UAV-based systems, along with
the open challenges and strategies for future research work.Comment: 25 pages, 6 figures, 3 table
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