Digital Tipping Intimidation at the Counter

Although tipping for counter service at fast casual restaurants/cafes is not expected etiquette, it seems to be headed in the direction of becoming a social norm as tip jars next to registers are now a common sighting. However, as cash becomes less prevalent of a payment method, businesses are turning to mobile digital point of sale (POS) technologies with preset tipping options for customers. Oftentimes, businesses using digital POS systems will utilize touch-based tablets for sales that the counter staff can swing around for customers to add tips and sign with their fingers. If there are other customers standing behind them, does this influence how much (or whether) they choose to tip? And if it does, how so and what are the motivational factors behind it? A total of 112 students (66 women, 46 men) were asked to complete a questionnaire about how they felt regarding a specific hypothetical occurrence. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions ($20 paper receipt or$20 screen receipt), and all participants completed the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (Liebowitz, 1987). Hence, a 2(Receipt: paper vs. digital) x 2(Social Anxiety: Present vs. Absent) between-subjects factorial design was used. Results do not support an argument that digital tipping intimidation at the counter causes consumers to tip more when presented with a digital receipt on a tablet screen where others can witness their tipping behavior. In fact, the opposite occurs! Of the 71.4% of participants who chose to tip at the counter, those who experienced digital tipping intimidation rebelled and tipped less than they would have had they been given a paper receipt. Interestingly, although social anxiety was not a moderator, it did show a main effect: Consumers with social anxiety tipped counter service employees less than those without social anxiety. Age, income, gender, whether or not the participants do work or have worked a job where they receive(d) tips, and those who tipped vs. didn’t tip were factors also investigated; results show no differences. Fourteen motivational factors for tipping were examined; only two of those factors affected dollar amounts tipped at the counter. Results revealed that when customers are motivated (vs. not motivated) to comply with social norms, the dollar amount they tip for counter service decreases, but when they are motivated (vs. not motivated) to avoid making the server angry or upset, the dollar amount increases. Analysis of an open-ended question asking whether participants feel there is a difference in their tipping behavior when asked to sign a paper receipt (that nobody can see) vs. a tablet screen receipt (that anyone behind/next to them can see) is presented and offers insight into possible explanations for this tipping behavior

Digital repositories at the "Tipping point" : integration of information services into university infrastructure

In several academic fields (most notably: physics, mathematics, economics, astronomy, and computer science), most current research papers are freely accessible on the Internet in both pre- and post-publication formats. For these disciplines, open-access dissemination of publications and data has created a robust and useful information environment that is highly valued by researchers. While the acceptance of open-access dissemination has been disruptive to traditional scholarly publishing, the status and economic value of the elite journals has remained largely intact. Indeed, publication in the most prestigious journals (e.g., Science, Nature, Cell, BMJ, etc.) may have more influence than ever in determining the advancement of academic careers. Traditional publishing and open access will continue to coexist uncomfortably for years to come, but the next wave of digital publishing systems (empowered social networking applications) will establish open access repositories as indispensable infrastructure for the sciences and social sciences

CFRP truss for the CCAT 25 m diameter submillimeter-wave telescope

CCAT will be a 25 m diameter submillimeter-wave telescope that will operate inside a dome located on Cerro Chajnantor in the Atacama Desert. The telescope must have high aperture efficiency at a wavelength of 350 microns and good performance out to a wavelength of 200 microns. A conceptual design for a carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) truss and primary reflector support truss has been developed. This design yields a telescope with a net �½ wave front error of <10 microns using a lookup table to adjust the segment actuators to compensate for gravitational deflections. Minor corrections may be required to compensate for the expected 20 C temperature excursions. These can be handled using a coarse lookup table

Who is prepared for the new digital age?

In the fight against the Coronavirus, digital technology is playing an unprecedented role in the maintenance of daily life and economic and social activities, as well as the recovery of industries and business activities. The Coronovirus-pandemic could become a tipping point for digitalisation - a dawn of a new era - by accelerating the maturity of digital technology: What was once a ‘nice to have’ could now become a ‘crucial to have’. This report analyses investment in and adoption of digital technologies by firms in the EU and the USA and provides evidence on better performance of digital firms compared to non-digital ones. The report draws from two unique sets of data, including the European Investment Bank Survey (EIBIS) 2019, and the EIBIS Start-up and Scale-up Survey 2019

Scholarly communications revisited : journal publishing, open access, and digital-age Journals

The development of digital technology has drastically changed scholarly communication. T he advent of electronic journals has changed the industrial structure of academic publish-i ng. As the market concentration of journal publishing continues to increase, the pricing of j ournals has been dominated and controlled by large publishers. The never-ending rise of s ubscription prices is approaching a tipping point that libraries/institutions—even in hi gh-income countries—can no longer bear. In these circumstances, the open access (OA) m ovement has been promoted over the past 15 years, and new types of publications have ap peared. This paper discusses the definition and history of OA, the position of each stake- holder in the OA landscape, and new digital-age journals, which include OA mega-journals and research funders’ OA platforms

Collection Development and the Value of the Library

This is a draft 2 of a discussion paper written for Boston University LibrariesDiscusses recent trends in scholarly communication and library collection developmen

Davis Weather Station Protocol

This resource provides instructions on how to log atmosphere data using a Davis weather station. A weather station is setup to measure and record atmospheric measurements at 15-minute intervals and can be transferred to the GLOBE program via email. Students can view data for their school that are continuous and show variations within a day. The data collected includes wind speed and direction and pressure thereby supporting a more complete study of meteorology using GLOBE. Students pursue a more extensive set of research investigations. Educational levels: Middle school, High school

WeatherHawk Weather Station Protocol

This resource provides instructions on how to log atmosphere data using a WeatherHawk weather station. A weather station is setup to measure and record atmospheric measurements at 15-minute intervals and can be transferred to the GLOBE program via email. Students can view data for their school that are continuous and show variations within a day. The data collected includes wind speed and direction and pressure thereby supporting a more complete study of meteorology using GLOBE. Students pursue a more extensive set of research investigations. Educational levels: Middle school, High school